Browsing by Subject "Tamaulipas"

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    El impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Fertilizacion orgánica y prácticas de conservación sobre el rendimiento de sorgo de temporal
    Espinosa Ramírez, M.; Castro Meza, B.; Rivera Ortíz, P.; Andrade Limas, E.; Belmonte Serrato, F.; Universidad de Murcia
    ABSTRACT The interelations between climatic and soil conditions present in the agroecosystems of the dry zone of northern Mexico, have significant impact on the development of crops that result in impact on agricultural productivity. Soil degradation by excessive use of mechanical practices, has caused severe physical and chemical changes such as deterioration of the natural structure, loss of fertility, increased soil compaction and bulk density, and serious problems of erosion by wind and water. In order to know the influence of three organic fertilizers and soil preparation practices in the production of sorghum in San Fernando, Tamaulipas, was conducted this study. The experimental area presents Vertisol soil type, and covers an area of 6 ha, which was subdivided into plots of one hectare. Each hectare was assessed with two conditions of fertilization with organic fertilizer (chicken manure at a rate of 2 Tm ha-1) and three tillage systems. The types of tillage were: a) continuous tracking surface (control), b) along with dams or between rows, and c) subsoleo. The crop used was sorghum for grain (Asgrow hybrid Emerald), with a population density of 172,800 plants per hectare. We used a completely randomized design with four replications and factorial analysis. The results show significant differences (p = 0.05) between the superficial tillage (harrow) and maintenance (subsoleo or dikes). With superficial tillage lower yields were obtained (2,15 Tm ha-1), whereas with dikes or subsoleo yield increased by 50% in a similar manner. The effect of organic fertilization with chicken manure increased the yield by 10% compared with the control. With deep tillage (subsoleo and dikes) combined with chicken manure is an option to obtain the best yields in rainfed area of northern Tamaulipas.
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    El impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Tipos de suelo y factores limitantes en la producción agropecuaria en el distrito San Fernando, Tamaulipas, México
    Espinosa Ramírez, M.; Garza Cedillo, R.; Andrade Limas, E.; Belmonte Serrato, F.; Universidad de Murcia
    ABSTRACT The limiting factors in agricultural production, defined as those properties and characteristics of the geographical environment that influence the development of crops, can be diverse and are grouped with the physical environment of soil. They are the result of soil characterictics and soil degradation processes by anthropogenic influence. Due to the above, the objective of this study was to identify and surveying the limitatives factors to agricultural production, as well as to define its ability land use capacity in San Fernando district, Tamaulipas. The area is 486,522 ha and it is located between parallels 24º 15' and 25° 09' N and meridians 98° 18' and 98° 30' W. In 2008 it was carried out the mapping and data processing with the Geographic Information System (GIS) ArcView 3.2 using the multispectral SPOT satellite image of year 2003, scale 1:50,000. We used the methodology of the survey approach to landscape and physiographic classification system developed by the USDA. The results show that 71,3% of the evaluated area (346.890 ha) is a Type II soils suitable for agriculture to livestock farms moderate (one crop per year), secondly there are the Type III soils accounting for 23,2% (112,873 ha), soils that are suitable for livestock farms restricted to agriculture and finally Type IV soils occupy 5,5% of total (26,759 ha) soils that are unsuitable for agriculture. Regarding the limiting factors which occupies more important is the erosion in its various forms such as water and wind at 45,5% (221,367 ha), followed by the climatic factor with deficient soil moisture in 44,25% (215,286 ha) and smaller proportion are the effective depth with 19,357 ha, excess of soil moisture (flooding), with 10,300 ha, undulating topography with 12,358 ha and salinity by drainage deficiency with 7,854 ha of the total. In conclusion, the most limiting factors affecting more surface in the study area include: wind and water erosion and climate factor with deficient moisture.