Browsing by Subject "Surveillance"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    El control y la vigilancia en (y de) la red : gobernanza y subjetivación
    Martínez Martínez, Juan Miguel; Tudela Sancho, Antonio; Alegre Benítez, Carolina
    La irrupción de internet y de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ha supuesto una transformación en la forma de relacionarnos con los demás en la sociedad neoliberal actual. Desde este planteamiento es importante que reflexionemos sobre las formas de control que se dan en estos espacios virtuales. En este sentido, nuestro trabajo aborda el tema de la gobernanza de internet con el propósito de mostrar cómo la red de redes es regulada mediante la negociación de distintos organismos civiles, gubernamentales y privados, pero en la que ciertos discursos mercantilistas acaban imponiéndose. Asimismo, partiendo de este marco regulado por organismos privados, analizaremos cómo se ejerce el control y la vigilancia en los espacios virtuales. Estas plataformas virtuales se postulan como una suerte de biopolítica que sujeta a los individuos a través de procesos de subjetivación alienados a una lógica neoliberal.
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    Exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
    (Elsevier, 2024-01-17) Caballero Gómez, Javier; Cano Terriza, David; Segalés, Joaquim; Vergara Alert, Júlia; Zorrilla, Irene; Rey, Teresa del; Paniagua, Jorge; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Fernández Bastit, Leira; Nájera, Fernando; Montoya Oliver, Juan I.; Salcedo, Javier; García Bocanegra, Ignacio; Sanidad Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
    The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging zoonotic virus of public and animal health concern, of which felids have been suggested as potential reservoirs. Although SARS-CoV-2 exposure has been detected in domestic and wild captive animals belonging to Felidae family, surveillance has not been carried out in free-ranging wild felids so far. The aim of the present study was to assess SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), the most endangered felid in the world. Between 2019 and 2022, we conducted a seroepidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 in 276 free-ranging and captive Iberian lynxes. Our results evidenced limited (0.4%; 95%CI: 0.0–1.1) but not negligible exposure to this emerging virus in this endangered felid species, increasing the SARS-CoV-2 host range. The circulation of this virus in wildlife evidences the need of integrated European wildlife monitoring.
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    Hackear el sistema operativo del arte: nuevas formas de resistencia al trabajo en Strike (2010) de Hito Steyerl
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Derrac Soria, Clara
    El siguiente ensayo se centra en el ámbito digital para examinar el modelo de trabajo en la Nueva Economía, investigando cómo la tecnología y sus mecanismos de vigilancia generan y explotan subjetividad. Para ello, reconsidero la obra de Hito Steyerl Strike (2010) como una llamada a subvertir el poder biopolítico de las tecnologías de la información. Mi análisis de la obra de Steyerl busca desvelar las implicaciones sociales y materiales de lo tecnológico, el trabajo no remunerado que sustenta Internet y el sistema de dominación ejercido por el capitalismo de la vigilancia, que se lucra con el tráfico de datos y la modificación de la conducta. Frente a esto, sostengo que Strike (2010) propone una reapropiación de la máquina como forma de huelga. Así, la pieza de vídeo de Steyerl sirve como punto de partida para rastrear prácticas artísticas intervencionistas que, a través del tactical media y el hacking, tratan de invertir los mecanismos de vigilancia de la red, revelando su potencial como gestos de disidencia dentro de un mundo del arte cada vez más informatizado.
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    High exposure of West Nile virus in equid and wild bird populations in Spain following the epidemic outbreak in 2020
    (Wiley, 2022-10-12) García Bocanegra, Ignacio; Franco, Juan J.; León, Clara I.; García Miña, María V.; Barbero Moyano, Jesús; Fernández Molera, Vicente; Gómez, María B.; Cano Terriza, David; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Sanidad Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
    A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the circulation and risk factors associated with West Nile virus (WNV) exposure in equine and wild bird populations following the largest epidemic outbreak ever reported in Spain. A total of 305 equids and 171 wild birds were sampled between November 2020 and June 2021. IgG antibodies against flaviviruses were detected by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) in 44.9% (109/243) and 87.1% (54/62) of unvaccinated and vaccinated equids, respectively. The individual seroprevalence in unvaccinated individuals (calculated on animals seropositive by both bELISA and virus microneutralization test [VNT]) was 38.3% (95%CI: 33.1–43.4). No IgM antibodies were detected in animals tested (0/243; 0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0–1.5) by capture-ELISA. The main risk factors associated with WNV exposure in equids were age (adult and geriatric), breed (crossbred) and the absence of a disinsection programme on the facilities. In wild birds, IgG antibodies against flaviviruses were found in 32.7% (56/171; 95%CI: 26.8–38.6) using bELISA, giving an individual WNV seroprevalence of 19.3% (95%CI: 14.3–24.3) after VNT. Seropositivity was found in 37.8% of the 37 species analysed. Species group (raptors), age (>1-year old) and size (large) were the main risk factors related to WNV seropositivity in wild birds. Our results indicate high exposure and widespread distribution of WNV in equid and wild bird populations in Spain after the epidemic outbreak in 2020. The present study highlights the need to continue and improve active surveillance programmes for the detection of WNV in Spain, particularly in those areas at greatest risk of virus circulation.
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    Results from Spain’s 2022 Para Report Cards on physical activity of children and adolescents with disabilities
    (Human Kinetics, 2023-03-01) Aznar, Susana; Román Viñas, Blanca; Brazo Sayavera, Javier; Izquierdo Gómez, Rocío; Barrios Fernández, Sabina; Rodríguez Ferrán, Olga; Aubert, Salomé; Actividad Física y Deporte
    This report aims to provide a better understanding of physical activity (PA) and related factors among Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. The 10 indicators used for the Global Matrix on Para Report Cards of children and adolescents living with disabilities were evaluated based on the best available data in Spain. An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats based on data provision was drafted by three experts and critically reviewed by the authorship team to provide a national perspective for each evaluated indicator. Government was the indicator with the highest grade (C+), followed by Sedentary Behaviors (C−), School (D), Overall PA (D−), and Community & Environment (F). The remaining indicators received an incomplete grade. There were low levels of PA in Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. Yet, opportunities to improve the current surveillance of PA among this population exist.
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    Risk factors of Leptospira infection in Mediterranean periurban micromammals
    (Wiley, 2018) Millán, J.; Cevidanes, A.; Chirife, A. D.; Candela, M. G.; León-Vizcaíno, L.; Sanidad Animal
    Urbanization of natural areas can change abiotic factors, providing artificial sources of humidity in summer and decreasing variation of temperatures in winter. Our study aimed at document risk factors of infection in mammal reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira in the human/wildlife interface of a large metropolitan area. We hypothesize that survival of Leptospira and thus their prevalence in animal reservoirs should be higher in residential areas than in natural habitats, especially after the hot, dry Mediterranean summers. We established the prevalence of Leptospira spp. and identified the serovars in 353 urine samples from micromammals (chiefly the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, n = 266) using direct immunofluorescence and PCR. Animals were captured in spring and autumn, 2011–2012, in two natural parks and two adjacent residential areas in periurban Barcelona (NE Spain). Overall observed prevalence of infection was 11%, ranking between 8% and 13% in the better represented host species. We observed marked differences between seasons; the probability of finding a micromammal infected in spring was three times greater than in autumn (almost four times for wood mouse). Prevalence was not related with type of habitat, micromammal relative abundance or sex of the animal. Three Leptospira species were confirmed: Leptospira interrogans (47% of cases), Leptospira borgpetersenii (41%) and Leptospira kirschneri (12%). The serovars most commonly detected were those typically hosted by rodents, and serovars Ballum and Icterohemorrhagiae were the only ones found in autumn. People living in periurban Barcelona and those visiting the natural areas of the metropolitan area face hazard of infection with rodent-borne Leptospira, especially during spring.
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    Tracking the spatial and functional dispersion of vaccine-related canine distemper virus genotypes: insights from a global scoping review
    (MDPI, 2025-07-27) González Candela, Mónica; Wipf, Adrian; Ortega Hernández, Nieves; Huertas López, Ana; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Sanidad Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
    Canine morbillivirus (CDV), the cause of canine distemper, is a pathogen affecting many hosts. While modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are crucial for controlling the disease in dogs, cases of vaccine-related infections have been found in both domestic and wild animals. Specifically, the America-1 and Rockborn-like vaccine genotypes are concerning due to their spread and ability to transmit between different species. This study conducted a review and analysis of molecular detections of these strains in various carnivores (domestic, captive, synanthropic, and wild species). This study used a conceptual model considering host ecology and the domestic–wild interface to evaluate plausible transmission connections over time using Linear Directional Mean (LDM) and Weighted Mean Centre (WMC) methods. Statistical analyses examined the relationship between how likely a strain is to spread and factors like host type and vaccination status. The findings showed that the America-1 genotype spread in a more organised way, with domestic dogs being the main source and recipient, bridging different environments. Synanthropic mesocarnivores also played this same role, with less intensity. America-1 was most concentrated in the North Atlantic and Western Europe. In contrast, the Rockborn-like strain showed a more unpredictable and restricted spread, residual circulation from past use rather than ongoing spread. Species involved in vaccine-related infections often share characteristics like generalist behaviour, social living, and a preference for areas where domestic animals and wildlife interact. We did not find a general link between a host vaccination status and the likelihood of the strain spreading. The study emphasised the ongoing risk of vaccine-derived strains moving from domestic and synanthropic animals to vulnerable wild species, supporting the need for improved vaccination approaches. Mapping these plausible transmission routes can serve as a basis for targeted surveillance, not only of vaccine-derived strains, but of any other circulating genotype.