Browsing by Subject "Strength training"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Análisis de la fiabilidad inter-sesión de las medias para la fuerza, potencia y velocidad en la realización de test-retest para press de banca
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Baena-Morales, S.; Bautista, I.; Chirosa-Ríos, L.J.; Chirlas-Ríos, I.; Martín-Tamayo, I.; García-Moreno, J.M.
    El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la abilidad inter-sesión de las medidas de carga (kg), fuerza pico (N), fuerza media (N), potencia me- dia (W), potencia pico (W), velocidad media (m*s-1) y velocidad pico (m*s- 1) obtenidas en tres niveles distintos de intensidades (carga inicial, máxima potencia y repetición máxima) y a través de un protocolo incremental en press de banca en máquina Smith.). Dieciséis participantes (12 hombres y 4 mu- jeres) realizaron un test incremental hasta llegar a la 1RM en dos ocasiones diferentes, con un mínimo de 48 horas de recuperación. Todas las variables fueron registradas mediante un transductor de posición lineal. La abilidad test-retest fue medida mediante el índice de correlación intraclase (ICC2,1), el error estándar de la medida (SEM) y las mínimo cambio detectable con un 95% de probabilidad (MCD95% ). Para la carga inicial (CI), máxima potencia (MP) y la repetición máxima (RM). Los resultados mostraron altos valores de ICC en 1RM (ICC2,1= 0,96, SEM= 3,2 kg y MD= 9,9 kg). La po- tencia y velocidad pico y media presentaron valores altos de ICC (0,91-0,98) en la CI y valores moderados-altos (ICC2,1= 0,52-0,89) en las intensidades de MP y RM. El protocolo incremental realizado posee una adecuada abili- dad test-retest tanto para la 1RM como para el resto de variables analizadas. 
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    Efecto del ejercicio terapéutico sobre rango articular y fuerza muscular en deportistas lanzadores con disquinesia. Una revisión sistemática
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Álvarez‐Arangua, Sebastián; Arias Poblete, Leónidas; Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián; Silva Mella, Mauricio Alejandro; Parada Osses, Ben-yamin; Zamora Pinoleo, Jovina; Rubilar Henríquez, Cristian; Lizana Rodríguez, Catalina; Ríos-Riquelme, Mario; Farías‐Valenzuela, Claudio
    El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos del ejercicio terapéutico (ET) sobre los cambios de rangos de movimiento (ROM) y la fuerza muscular (FM) en deportistas lanzadores que presentan disquinesia escapular (DE). Se realizó la búsqueda en Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect de los últimos cinco años según la metodología PRISMA, considerando estudios que describieran los efectos de los programas de ejercicio terapéutico en rango articular y fuerza muscular de deportistas lanzadores. Se incluyeron un total de seis artículos relacionado con deportistas lanzadores con disquinesia escapular. Se encontraron resultados favorables dentro de las intervenciones que contaban con ET, el cual obtuvo un efecto significativo en las variables de ROM y fuerza muscular en deportistas lanzadores. En conclusión, los ejercicios de estiramientos terapéuticos son la herramienta más favorable y eficaz frente a cualquier otro tipo de intervención, teniendo un efecto sobre la FM y el ROM de los atletas lanzadores, ayudando así a su rendimiento competitivo.
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    Efecto del entrenamiento con oclusión vascular sobre la potencia muscular en el ejercicio de press banca en adultos entrenados
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Arenas-Sánchez, Giovanny; Mamani-Tapia, Braulio; Inostroza-Téllez, Eduardo; Peiret-Villacura, Luis; Farias-Valenzuela, Claudio; Orellana-Montini, Javier; Espinoza-Salinas, Alexis
    Introducción: El entrenamiento con oclusión vascular (EOV), combina ejercicio y reducción parcial del flujo sanguíneo con efectos positivos sobre el desarrollo de la hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, sigue habiendo una marcada inconsistencia en los efectos que genera sobre el desarrollo de la potencia muscular. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del entrenamiento de oclusión vascular en la potencia muscular extremidades superiores de adultos entrenados. Métodos: Estudio cuasi-experimental la muestra la conformaron 12 sujetos, edad promedio 28 (± 1,3) años. Muestreo intencional, no probabilístico. Divididos en dos grupos; i) grupo intervenido (n=6), que realizó un protocolo de EOV al 30% de 1 repetición máxima (1RM); ii) grupo entrenamiento tradicional (n=6), realizó un entrenamiento al 70% de 1RM. Cada grupo realizó 12 sesiones de entrenamiento de press de banca. Resultados: El EOV, aumentó la potencia media (p =0,01); concéntrica (p = 0,04) y excéntrica (p =0,01). Conclusión: 12 sesiones de entrenamiento de fuerza muscular de baja carga con oclusión vascular mejoran de la potencia muscular de las extremidades superiores en el ejercicio de press banca en una muestra de adultos entrenados.
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    Effects of an adapted crossfit program combined with nutritional counseling on adiposity indicators, muscular fitness and functionality of young people with intellectual disabilities
    (2024) Ubilla Mejias, Melissa; Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián; Valdivia Moral, Pedro; Piñeiro Cossio, Javier; Antonio Castillo Paredes, Antonio; del Val Martín, Pablo; Andrades Ramirez, Oscar; Peña Baeza, Alonso; Farias Valenzuela, Claudio
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a combined adapted CrossFit® training program and nutritional counseling on indicators of adiposity, muscular fitness and functionality of school-age adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The sample was made up of (n=11) subjects belonging to the SPORT TK. Year 2024. Volume 13. Supplement 3. Article 4 2 work level of a special education center in Santiago de Chile. Anthropometric measurements of adiposity, muscle strength, and functional capacity were performed before and after a combined 15- week adapted Crossfit® training and nutritional counseling program. Significant changes were observed in adiposity indicators such as the waist-height ratio (Δ% = -6.12), in the landing force in the countermovement jump (Δ% = -18.34) and in the 5-hour functional tests. repetitions of getting up and sitting down. down from a chair (Δ% = -8.16), Timed up and go (Δ% = -8.15), Countermovement jump (Δ% = -8.36) and in the 4 x 10 m Agility test (Δ% = -8.00). In conclusion, a 15-week combined training program of adapted CrossFit® and nutritional counseling had positive effects on indicators of adiposity, muscular fitness and functionality in a sample of school-aged adolescents with intellectual disabilities. This intervention strategy is safe and can be used to promote the practice of physical exercise and healthy lifestyles from special educational establishments.
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    Effects of velocity loss threshold during resistance training on strength and athletic adaptations: a systematic review with meta-analysis
    (MDPI, 2022-04-27) Hernández Belmonte, Alejandro; García Pallarés, Jesús; Actividad Física y Deporte
    This study aimed to systematically review the effects of the different velocity loss (VL) thresholds during resistance training (RT) on strength and athletic adaptations. The VL was analyzed as both a categorical and continuous variable. For the categorical analysis, individual VL thresholds were divided into Low-ModVL (≤ 25% VL) or Mod-HighVL (> 25% VL). The efficacy of these VL thresholds was examined using between-group (Low-ModVL vs. Mod-HighVL) and within-group (pre–post effects in each group) analyses. For the continuous analysis, the relationship (R2) between each individual VL threshold and its respective effect size (ES) in each outcome was examined. Ten studies (308 resistance-trained young men) were finally included. The Low-ModVL group trained using a significantly (p ≤ 0.001) lower VL (16.1 ± 6.2 vs. 39.8 ± 9.0%) and volume (212.0 ± 102.3 vs. 384.0 ± 95.0 repetitions) compared with Mod-HighVL. Between-group analyses yielded higher efficacy of Low-ModVL over Mod-HighVL to increase performance against low (ES = 0.31, p = 0.01) and moderate/high loads (ES = 0.21, p = 0.07). Within-group analyses revealed superior effects after training using Low-ModVL thresholds in all strength (Low-ModVL, ES = 0.79–2.39 vs. Mod-HighVL, ES = 0.59–1.91) and athletic (Low-ModVL, ES = 0.35–0.59 vs. Mod-HighVL, ES = 0.05–0.36) parameters. Relationship analyses showed that the adaptations produced decreased as the VL threshold increased, especially for the low loads (R2 = 0.73, p = 0.01), local endurance (R2 = 0.93, p = 0.04), and sprint ability (R2 = 0.61, p = 0.06). These findings prove that low–moderate levels of intra-set fatigue (≤25% VL) are more effective and efficient stimuli than moderate–high levels (> 25% VL) to promote strength and athletic adaptations.
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    Free-weight and machine-based training are equally effective on strength and hypertrophy: Challenging a traditional myth
    (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), ) Hernández Belmonte, Alejandro; Buendia Romero, Ángel; García Pallarés, Jesús; Martínez Cava, Alejandro; Franco López, Francisco; Actividad Física y Deporte
    Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of free-weight and machine-based resistance training on strength, hypertrophy, and joint discomfort. Methods: Thirty-eight resistance-trained men participated in an 8-wk resistance program allocated into free-weight (n = 19) or machine-based (n = 19) groups. Training variables were identical for both modalities, so they only differed in the use of barbells or machines to execute the full squat, bench press, prone bench pull, and shoulder press exercises. The velocity-based method was implemented to accurately adjust the intensity throughout the program. Strength changes were evaluated using eight velocity-monitored loading tests (four exercises × two modalities) and included the relative one-repetition maximum (1RMRel), as well as the mean propulsive velocity against low (MPVLow) and high (MPVHigh) loads. Ultrasound-derived cross-sectional area of quadriceps (proximal and distal regions), pectoralis major, and rectus abdominis was measured to examine hypertrophy. Complementarily, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaires were administrated to assess changes in lower- and upper-limb joint discomfort. Outcomes were compared using ANCOVA and percentage of change (∆) statistics. Results: Each group significantly (P < 0.001) increased 1RMRel, MPVLow, and MPVHigh for both modalities tested, but especially in the one they trained. When considering together the eight exercises tested, strength changes for both modalities were similar (∆ differences ≤1.8%, P ≥ 0.216). Likewise, the cross-sectional area of all the muscles evaluated was significantly increased by both modalities, with no significant differences between them (∆ difference ≤2.0%, P ≥ 0.208). No between-group differences (P ≥ 0.144) were found for changes in stiffness, pain, and functional disability levels, which were reduced by both modalities. Conclusions: Free-weight and machine-based modalities are similarly effective to promote strength and hypertrophy without increasing joint discomfort.
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    Level of effort: a reliable and practical alternative to the velocity-based approach for monitoring resistance training
    (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2022-11) Hernández Belmonte, Alejandro; García Pallarés, Jesús; Courel Ibáñez, Javier; Conesa Ros, Elena; Martínez Cava, Alejandro; Actividad Física y Deporte
    This study analyzed the potential of the level of effort methodology as an accurate indicator of the programmed relative load (percentage of one-repetition maximum [%1RM]) and intraset volume of the set during resistance training in the bench press, full squat, shoulder press, and prone bench pull exercises, through 3 specific objectives: (a) to examine the intersubject and intrasubject variability in the number of repetitions to failure (nRM) against the actual %1RM lifted (adjusted by the individual velocity), (b) to investigate the relationship between the number of repetitions completed and velocity loss reached, and (c) to study the influence of the subject's strength level on the aforementioned parameters. After determining their individual load-velocity relationships, 30 subjects with low (n = 10), medium (n = 10), and high (n = 10) relative strength levels completed 2 rounds of nRM tests against their 65, 75, 85, and 95% 1RM in the 4 exercises. The velocity of all repetitions was monitored using a linear transducer. Intersubject and intrasubject variability analyses included the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the the standard error of measurement (SEM), respectively. Coefficient of determination (R2) was used as the indicator of relationship. nRM showed a limited intersubject (CI ≤ 4 repetitions) and a very low intrasubject (SEM ≤1.9 repetitions) variability for all the strength levels, %1RM, and exercises analyzed. A very close relationship (R2 ≥ 0.97) between the number of repetitions completed and the percentage of velocity loss reached (from 10 to 60%) was found. These findings strengthen the level of effort as a reliable, precise, and practical strategy for programming resistance training.
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    Muscular strength training and its effect on strength endurance and speed in wheelchair tennis players
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Azeez, Sumayah Riyadh; Majeed, Widad Kadhim
    The primary aim of this study was to prepare muscular strength exercises to develop the endurance of the arms and the speed for wheelchair tennis players. The players of the Iraqi national team of wheelchair tennis constituted the research community for the present study. A total of 5 players registered in the records of the Iraqi Federation of Racquet Games, who were training and competing in the sports season 2020/2021, were recruited as the participants of the study. A total of 24 training units were included in the study with two units/week for total of 12 weeks. The researchers concluded that the muscular strength training significantly improved the strength endurance and the speed of the wheelchair tennis players.
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    Velocity-based method in free-weight and machine-based training modalities: the degree of freedom matters
    (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2023-09) Hernández Belmonte, Alejandro; Buendía Romero, Ángel; García Pallarés, Jesús; Martínez Cava, Alejandro; Actividad Física y Deporte
    This study aimed to analyze and compare the load-velocity relationships of free-weight and machine-based modalities of 4 resistance exercises. Moreover, we examined the influence of the subject's strength level on these load-velocity relationships. Fifty men completed a loading test in the free-weight and machine-based modalities of the bench press, full squat, shoulder press, and prone bench pull exercises. General and individual relationships between relative intensity (%1RM) and velocity variables were studied through the coefficient of determination (R2) and standard error of the estimate (SEE). Moreover, the velocity attained to each %1RM was compared between both modalities. Subjects were divided into stronger and weaker to study whether the subject's strength level influences the mean test (mean propulsive velocity [MPVTest]) and 1RM (MPV1RM) velocities. For both modalities, very close relationships (R2 ≥ 0.95) and reduced estimation errors were found when velocity was analyzed as a dependent (SEE ≤ 0.086 m·s−1) and independent (SEE ≤ 5.7% 1RM) variable concerning the %1RM. Fits were found to be higher (R2 ≥ 0.995) for individual load-velocity relationships. Concerning the between-modality comparison, the velocity attained at each intensity (from 30 to 100% 1RM) was significantly faster for the free-weight variant. Finally, nonsignificant differences were found when comparing MPVTest (differences ≤ 0.02 m·s−1) and MPV1RM (differences ≤ 0.01 m·s−1) between stronger and weaker subjects. These findings prove the accuracy and stability of the velocity-based method in the free-weight and machine-based variants but highlight the need to use the load-velocity relationship (preferably the individual one) specific to each training modality.