Browsing by Subject "Strength"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
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    Comparison of Electromyographic Activity during Barbell Pullover and Straight Arm Pulldown Exercises
    (MDPI, 2022-11-03) Muyor, José M.; López Miñarro, Pedro Ángel; Alacid, Fernando; Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica
    Pullover and straight arm pulldown exercises are commonly used in resistance exercise programs to improve sports performance or in physical activity health programs. This study aimed to evaluate the individual electromyographic (EMG) activity of the pectoralis major (clavicular, sternal, and costal portions), latissimus dorsi, anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, and rectus abdominis muscles in a barbell pullover exercise at a 100% biacromial width and a straight arm pulldown exercise at a 100% and 150% biacromial width and to compare the EMG activity in these selected muscles and exercises. Twenty healthy and physically active adults performed a set of eight repetitions of each exercise against 30% of their body mass. The barbell pullover exercise presented a higher EMG activity (p ≤ 0.01) than the straight arm pulldown exercise in both biacromial widths in all evaluated muscles except for the latissimus dorsi and the triceps brachii. These muscles showed the highest EMG activity in the straight arm pulldown exercise at both biacromial widths. In all of the exercises and muscles evaluated, the concentric phase showed a greater EMG activity than the eccentric phase. In conclusion, the barbell pullover exercise can highlight muscle activity in the pectoralis major (mainly in the sternal and lower portions), triceps brachii, and rectus abdominis muscles. However, the straight arm pulldown exercise at 100% and 150% biacromial widths could be a better exercise to stimulate the latissimus dorsi and triceps brachii muscles. Moreover, all exercises showed significantly greater EMG activity (p < 0.001) in the concentric phase than in the eccentric phase for all the evaluated muscles.
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    Comparison of the physical profile of male and female athletes of obstacle races
    (Murcia: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Baptista, José; Brandão, António; Frontini, Roberta; Pereira, Joel; Clemente, Filipe Manuel
    With the constant increase of the female population in obstacle races in sport it is important to consider possible comparisons with men in terms of physical capacities. Thus, the present study aims to compare the morphological and functional characteristics between male (n = 27) and female (n = 6) of obstacle course running (OCR). The results show that, comparing the runners of both sexes, men have a BMI (t = 0.135, d = 0.692) and body mass (t = 0.001, d = 1.905) slightly higher, with women having more fat mass t = 0.001, d = 2,541). In terms of functional aspects, male practitioners obtained significantly higher values of MRI in the back squat (t = 0.019; d = 1,120), pull-up (t = 0.001; d = 2,019) and throwing of the medicine ball (t = 0.001; d) = 3,469) compared to women. Concluding that in general men are more resistant, powerful, fast and agile, but with higher fatigue rates compared to women.
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    Efecto del grito como recurso ergogénico psicológico en la potencia de piernas en practicantes de Kung Fu
    (2002) Zamora, Juan Diego; Salazar Rojas, Walter
    El presente estudio analizó el efecto del grito como recurso ergogénico psicológico en la potencia de piernas en practicantes de Kung Fu, utilizando la prueba de salto largo sin impulso y la de salto alto (Sargent). Se formaron dos grupos conformados por n= 8 sujetos cada uno, cuyas edades estaban comprendidas entre los 18 y 28 años. A los sujetos del Grupo A o Control les correspondía realizar las respectivas pruebas sin aplicar el grito, mientras que a los sujetos del Grupo B o Experimental les correspondía realizar el grito personal lo más fuerte posible durante las pruebas. A los valores recolectados durante las prueba se les aplicó una Anova 2x3, Análisis de Efectos Simples para Grupos y Mediciones, además de un análisis de Tukey, en donde se encontró una diferencia significativa en los resultados de la prueba de salto largo sin impulso en el Grupo B que aplicó el grito, en comparación a los resultados obtenidos por el Grupo A o control que no grito. En la prueba de salto alto no se encontró una diferencia significativa entre los datos obtenidos del Grupo B que gritó y los del Grupo A o Control, pero sí se percibió una leve tendencia en la mejora para el Grupo B. Con el estudio se concluye que la implementación del grito personal como un recurso ergogénico psicológico puede afectar positivamente la potencia de piernas, si es utilizado en el preciso momento en el que se realiza una destreza específica para la mejora de esta variable de rendimiento, como son los saltos.
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    Effect of different types of exercise on fitness in people with multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis
    (Wiley, 2023-05-24) Reina Gutiérrez, Sara; Meseguer Henarejos, Ana Belén; Torres Costoso, Ana; Álvarez Bueno, Celia; Cavero Redondo, Iván; Núñez de Arenas Arroyo, Sergio; Guzmán Pavón, María José; Sánchez López, Mairena; Martínez Vizcaíno, Vicente; Fisioterapia
    Background: It is assumed that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who participate in programs of physical exercise improve their physical fitness. Objective: The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to analyze the effect of different types of exercise on muscular fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among people with MS and to determine the best type of exercise according to disease severity. Methods: MEDLINE, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, the Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the effect of physical exercise on fitness in people with MS. We ranked the types of physical exercise by calculating the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA). Results: We included 72 RCTs involving 2543 MS patients in this NMA. A ranking of five types of physical exercise (aerobic, resistance, combined [aerobic and resistance], sensorimotor training, and mind–body exercises) was achieved. Combined and resistance training had the highest effect sizes (0.94, 95% CI 0.47, 1.41, and 0.93, 95% CI 0.57, 1.29, respectively) and the highest SUCRA (86.2% and 87.0%, respectively) for muscular fitness. The highest effect size (0.66, 95% CI 0.34, 0.99) and SUCRA (86.9%) for CRF was for aerobic exercise. Conclusions: Combined and resistance training seem to be the most effective exercises to improve muscular fitness and aerobic exercise for CRF in people with MS.
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    Effects of a 10-week dry-land strength and conditioning program in physical capacities and start of previouslyfederated and regular swimming practitioners
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2022) Silva, Carlos; Jesus, João; Vilarigues, Iuri; Aranha, Ivo; Candeias, Iuri; Santos, Fernando; Figueiredo, Teresa; Espada, Mário
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 10-week strength and conditioning (S&C)program in physical capacities and start in previously federated and regular swimming practitioners. 16 swimmers (9 male, 17.00±2.16 years of age, 179.14±5.76 cm of height and 69.79±3.11 kg of weight; 7 female, 15.86±2.34 years of age, 163.86±4.98 cm of height and 60.19±3.60 kg of weigh) were equality, but randomly separated in two groups (control group and experimental group, CG and EG, respectively). In the pre-test, swimmers performed three starts in two different models, grab start and track start, the best start was registered. Kinematic parameters of the swimming start and time at 15 m were determined. Flexibility, countermovement jump and 3 kg medicine ball throw were also assessed. In post-test, 10-weeks after a regular 2-sessions week specific dry-land S&C program of 60 min was performed by the EG, all tests were repeated. Flexibility, strength and muscular power gains were significant in EG, contrarily to CG. Swimming start flight phase variables improved more in EG compared to CG, with specificities observed in grab and track start but not a linear consequence with performance in 15-m mark in both groups. A 10-week dry-land S&C program can provide benefits in physical capacities in regular swimming practitioners, fact that may improve the initial phase of the swimming start, prior to the underwater moment, which should deserve attention by the coaches in daily training aiming performance enhancement at 15 m.
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    Hybridization of pedagogical models in Physical Education: Influence on the acquisition of competencies in the physical capacity of strength and enjoyment in students
    (Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2026) Beltran-Valls, M.R.; Monteagudo Chiner, Pablo; Garcia-Monton, Marc; Sin departamento asociado
    Aunque los beneficios del trabajo de la fuerza muscular en adolescentes son evidentes, esta capacidad está rodeada de ciertos mitos que dificultan su introducción en el ámbito educativo. La hibridación de modelos pedagógicos (MP) puede ser una herramienta útil para promover hábitos saludables en el alumnado de Educación Física (EF) al mismo tiempo que para favorecer el disfrute del alumnado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). El objetivo de este estudio longitudinal y cuasiexperimental de un grupo fue analizar la efectividad de una Secuencia de Enseñanza Aprendizaje (SE-A) de CrossFit basada en la hibridación de MP en alumnado de 2º de ESO sobre la adquisición de competencias vinculadas con la capacidad física de la fuerza y el disfrute en el alumnado. Antes y después de la SE-A se evaluó a 57 estudiantes (23 chicas) sobre sus conocimientos alrededor de mitos relacionados con la fuerza (cuestionario ad-hoc), y sobre el disfrute del alumnado en las clases de EF (cuestionario PACES). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas con puntuaciones superiores después de la SE-A respecto al cuestionario de mitos (p<0,001; Z=4,150; g Hedges=0,870) y el de disfrute (p<0,001; Z=3,834; g Hedges=0,351). La hibridación de MP parece tener una influencia positiva sobre el reconocimiento de mitos relacionados con la capacidad de la fuerza y el disfrute del alumnado en EF. Estos aspectos podrían repercutir en un aumento de la actividad física a corto y/o largo plazo en este grupo de población.
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    Increased leg muscle strength and power after 6 weeks of trapping exercise in male college students
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Akbar, Bayu; Setijono, Hari; Wiriawan, Oce; Wahyono, Muhammad; Nuryadi, Achmad; Purwoto, Septyaningrum Putri; Pranoto, Adi
    The aim of this study was to determine the effect of trapping exercise for 6 weeks on leg muscle strength and power in male college students. This was a quasi-experimental study with a research design of one-group pre-test/post-test design. The sample amounted to 11 male students. Trapping exercise were carried out for 6 weeks with a frequency of 3-times exercise per week. A back and leg dynamometer was used to measure strength and the Accupower was used to measure power. Strength and power were measured before and after the 6-week trapping training. Paired samples t test was used to compare pre-test and post-test. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the average strength between pre-test vs. post-test (104.50±18.10 vs. 114.40±20.60 kg, p=0.000). Likewise, the mean power between pre-test vs. post-test (636.20±58.30 vs 656.60±64.00 Joules, p=0.000). The conclusion was that trapping exercise for 6 weeks with a frequency of 3-times exercise per week increased strength and power in male college students.
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    The effect of ladder drill exercises on some physical abilities in male junior high school students
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Wahyono, Muhammad; Setijono, Hari; Wiriawan, Oce; Harmono, Bayu Akbar; Nuryadi, Achmad; Pranoto, Adi; Purwoto, Septyaningrum Putri; Kholis, Moh. Nur; Zawawi, M. Anis; Puspodari, Puspodari
    This study aimed to determine the effect of ladder drill 1 foot in each on the upper and lower extremities training carried out for 8 weeks on strength, speed, power, and agility. The type of the study was a quasi-experimental. Ladder drill exercises were carried out with an intensity of 80-90% HRmax, a frequency of 3x/week, for 8 weeks. Strength was measured using back and leg dynamometers, power was measured using the Force Plate/Accupower Test, speed with the 30-meter Running Speed Test, and agility with the Side Step Test. For statistical analysis, the researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The significance level was established at 0.05. The results of the analysis comparing pretest to posttest strength were as follows: strength pretest vs posttest (78.00±21.69 vs 122.10±22.16 seconds; p=0.000). For power, the comparison between pretest and posttest showed (42.40±11.92 vs 60.72±22.16 Joules; p=0.338). In terms of speed, the pretest vs posttest results were (5.13±0.24 vs 5.19±0.23 seconds; p=0.000), and for agility, the comparison between pretest and posttest revealed (15.00±4.35 vs 22.60±3.86 seconds; p=0.000). Executing ladder drill exercises at an intensity ranging from 80-90% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax), with a frequency of three times per week over an eight-week period, resulted in enhanced strength, speed, and agility among male junior high school students. Nevertheless, there was no notable impact observed in the power variable.
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    Variación en la actividad física, condición física y competencia motora según el estado de peso de jóvenes de 12-15 años de Cabo Verde
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones., 2022) Lopes, Otniel Joanyr Pereira Barbosa; Malina, Robert M; Lopes, Vitor Pires
    El objetivo: evaluar la actividad física (AF), aptitud física (ApF) y competencia motora (CM) entre jóvenes caboverdianos en relación con el estado de peso. La altura, peso, ApF (fuerza de prensión, flexiones de brazos, abdominales, sentarse-alcanzar, una milla de carrera/caminata), CM (KTK) yAF (podómetros) se midieron en 343 niños y niñas de 12-14 años. Se utilizó ANCOVA. AF y CM no variaron consistentemente con el estado de peso. La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la fuerza de prensión de las niñas delgadas fueron significativamente mejores que las de peso normal y con sobrepeso/obesidad. Los niños con bajo peso se desempeñaron significativamente mejor que los niños normales y con sobrepeso/obesidad. En conclusión, las diferencias entre los jóvenes por estado de peso no fueron evidentes, excepto en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en las niñas y la fuerza de prensión en ambos sexos. CM se diferenciaba por el estado de peso solo entre las niñas
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    Wingate test, when time and overdue fatigue matter: validity and sensitivity of two time-shortened versions
    (MDPI, 2020-11-11) Hernández Belmonte, Alejandro; Buendía-Romero, Ángel; Courel Ibáñez, Javier; Mora-Rodríguez, Ricardo; García Pallarés, Jesús; Martínez Cava, Alejandro; Actividad Física y Deporte
    This study aimed to analyze the validity and sensitivity of two time-shortened Wingate anaerobic tests (WAnTs), by means of three phases. In Phase A, 40 participants performed a traditional 30 s WAnT, whereas the first 15 s (WAnT15) and 20 s (WAnT20) were used to elaborate two predictive models. In Phase B, another 30 s WAnT was performed by 15 different volunteers to examine the error of these models (cross-validation). Finally, in Phase C, a 30 s WAnT was registered before and after a 10-week velocity-based training conducted by 22 different participants (training group, TRAIN = 11; control group that fully refrained from any type of training, CONTROL = 11). Power changes (in Watts, W) after this training intervention were used to interpret the sensitivity of the time-shortened WAnT. Adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) was reported for each regression model, whereas the cross-validation analysis included the smallest detectable change (SDC) and bias. Close relationships were found between the traditional 30 s WAnT and both the WAnT15 (R2 = 0.98) and WAnT20 (R2 = 0.99). Cross-validation analysis showed a lower error and bias for WAnT20 (SDC = 9.3 W, bias = −0.1 W) compared to WAnT15 (SDC = 22.2 W, bias = 1.8 W). Lastly, sensitivity to identify individual changes was higher for WAnT20 (TRAIN = 11/11 subjects, CONTROL = 9/11 subjects) than for WAnT15 (TRAIN = 4/11 subjects, CONTROL = 2/11 subjects). These findings suggest that the WAnT20 could become a valid and sensitive protocol to replace the traditional 30 s WAnT.