Browsing by Subject "Seroprevalence"
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- PublicationRestrictedA cross-sectional study of the impact of regular use of insecticides in dogs on Canine Leishmaniosis seroprevalence in southeast Spain(Elsevier, 2015-12-19) Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Chitimia, L.; Risueño, J.; García-Martínez, J.D.; Bernal, L.J.; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadasThe relationship between Canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) seroprevalence and regular use of topical insecticides was investigated in 800 pet dogs with no visible signs of CanL in Murcia, southeast Spain in 2011. Dogs were clients to 17 veterinary practices and were analyzed for Leishmania infantum antibodies in blood plasma using two commercial ELISAs (Ingezim, Ingenasa®, Spain; Leishcan, Hipra®, Spain). Owners were interviewed to gather data on dog related variables. They included date of birth, home address and frequency, duration and timing of insecticide treatments used to prevent ectoparasite infestations. The dog’s residence was georeferenced and environmental data potentially associated with the dog’s risk of L. infantum infection was obtained. A mixed logistic regression model was then developed to analyze the relationship between the dog’s serological status and insecticidal treatment adjusted for demographic and environmental variables. Overall, CanL seroprevalence (95% confidence limits) was 18% (16–21%) including 11% in dogs not using insecticide treatments (n = 60) and 19% in those using them (n = 740) (p > 0.05). At least 16 different insecticide products were used and 73%, 26% and 1% of dogs received 1, 2 and 3 products a year. The most frequent commercial brands used and the only ones in the market claiming anti-sandfly activity, were Scalibor collars (deltametrin 40 mg/g; MSD®), Advantix pipettes (permethrin 500 mg/ml and imidacloprid 100 mg/ml; Bayer®) and Exspot spot-on pipettes (permethrin 715 mg/ml; MSD®). Seroprevalence was 9%, 16%, 20%, 22% and 25% for dogs with Scalibor collars plus Advantix pipettes, Scalibor collars plus ExSpot pipettes, Advantix pipettes alone, Scalibor collars alone and Exspot pipettes alone, respectively. The multivariable model confirmed a significant reduction in the risk of Leishmania spp. seropositivity in dogs using the Scalibor and Advantix combination compared to those using either product alone and provided evidence of greatly increased risk of CanL in rural areas situated at 300–500 m altitude and average March–July temperatures of 18.6–19 ◦C. The study highlights the difficulty in controlling CanL infection by means of insecticide use alone and thatit could be improved by using the Scalibor and Advantix combination and identifying and targeting specific geographical areas.
- PublicationRestrictedDetection of antibodies in wild ruminants to evaluate exposure to liver trematodes(BioOne Digital Library, 2012-03-13) Arias, María del Sol; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; León Vizcaíno, Luis; Paz Silva, Adolfo; Díez Baños, Pablo; Morrondo, Patrocinio; Alonso de Vega, Francisco-Domingo; Sanidad Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de VeterinariaWild ruminants sharing pastures with domestic livestock are at risk of infection by liver trematodes. Detection of antibodies provides a very useful tool to gain more knowledge about the distribution of these parasites. Non-lethal methods are strongly encouraged for the analysis of the risk of infection among wild ruminants. A seroepidemiological survey was conducted to analyze exposure to hepatic trematodes (Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) in wild ruminants from southern Spain. Blood samples were collected from 69 bovids (mouflon and Iberian ibex) and 143 cervids (red deer and fallow deer) from Sierra de Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas Natural Park. The samples were analyzed using the excretory/secretory antigens of each trematode to determine the IgG response. All the animals were examined at necropsy for the presence of flukes, and the species, age, and gender of the animals were recorded. Fasciola hepatica were only observed in cervids (3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 52-8), while D. dendriticum specimens were recorded in 1% (0-8) of bovids and 4% (CI 5 2-9) of the cervids. The IgG-seroprevalence against F. hepatica was significantly higher in the cervids. Statistical differences according to gender were observed. The bovids exhibited the greatest percentages of positive cases to D. dendriticum antigens, and the DdES-seroprevalence was related to age of the animals. When considering all the factors, the FhES-seroprevalence was initially distributed according to the type of ruminant (cervids), gender (male), and age ( more than 2 years).
- PublicationRestrictedGeographical Variation and Factors Associated to Seroprevalence of Canine Leishmaniosis in an Endemic Mediterranean Area(Blackwell Verlag GmbH, 2010) Alonso de Vega, Francisco; Giménez Font, P.; Manchón, Manuel; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Segovia, M.; Berriatua, Eduardo; Sanidad AnimalThis article retrospectively analyses the spatial distribution and dog- and environmental-level risk factors associated to Leishmania infantum seroprevalence mong 807 asymptomatic dogs in the Municipality of Crevillente in Alicante in southeast Spain in 1999. They represented 60% of the dogs in this 103 km2 area, with a human census of 27 034 people and 90% lived in Crevillente town. The estimated seroprevalence (95% confidence interval) in 714 dogs ‡1-year old was 22% (19–25) however; it was 12% (8–15) in town dogs and 0–100% in other administrative zones. High–medium seroprevalence zone clustered along a northeast–southwest fringe and around the town. They comprised the highest and driest inhabited part of the municipality, where farmland was interspersed by residential detached houses, whilst null–low seroprevalence zones included larger farmland extensions and two small rural villages. Predominant vegetation and ground soil type were bush, non-irrigated fruit trees and conglomerate crust and sandstone in medium–high seroprevalence zones and irrigated grassland and fruit trees and colluvial deposits in null–low seroprevalence zones. Random effects logistic regression indicated that the prevalence of infection with L. infantum was higher for dogs sharing residence with infected dogs, increased until 5–6 years old and with body weight and was associated to increasing conglomerate crust and low surface water in the dog’s zone of residence. The study confirms that L. infantum infection is endemic in this part of Spain and shows that prevalence can vary significantly within a small area depending on specific demographic and environmental factors conditioning the habitat of the local L. infantum vector, Phlebotomus perniciosus. It suggests similar low-scale variability is present in other geographically variable endemic areas and should be investigated to design Leishmaniosis risk maps and cost-effective, evidence-based, targeted control interventions.
- PublicationRestrictedQuantitative estimation of the impact of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection on milk production by dairy goats(Elsevier, 2013-02-04) Martínez-Navalón, Bernardo; Peris, Cristòfol; Gómez, Ernesto A.; Peris, Bernat; Roche, María Luz; Caballero, Concepción; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadasThis retrospective study investigated milk production losses associated with serological evidence (serostatus) of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection over one lactation in 4543 Murciano-Granadina goats from 22 herds in Spain. The seroprevalence of infection was 18%, ranging from 0% to 2% in 11 herds, 7% to 60% in 10 herds and was 100% in one herd. Seropositive does had significantly shorter lactations, produced less milk and milk fat, lactose and dry extract and had higher somatic cell counts than their seronegative counterparts, although differences in milk production between seropositive and sero negative animals were noted between herds. Mixed regression models confirmed the association between CAEV seropositivity and reduced milk production. The adjusted, least squares mean (LSM) test-day milk yield was 10% less in seropositive com pared to seronegative does and this difference varied according to lactation number. In contrast, differ ences in the LSM of milk fat, lactose and dry extract percentages between seropositive and seronegative goats were only between 0.1% and 0.2% and did not increase with lactation number. The findings of this study provide strong evidence that CAEV-infection can be a major cause of reduction in milk yield in goats and its control should be considered as part of dairy goat herd health schemes.
- PublicationOpen AccessSeroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in outdoor dogs and cats in Bangkok, Thailand(Cambridge University Press, 2021-03-10) Huertas López, Ana; Sukhumavasi, Woraporn; Álvarez-García, Gema; Martínez-Subiela, Silvia; Cano-Terriza, David; Almería, Sonia; Dubey, Jitender P.; García-Bocanegra, Ignacio; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Sanidad Animal; Facultad de VeterinariaThe aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii exposure in dogs and cats from Bangkok, Thailand. Blood samples from 318 dogs and 321 cats were tested for T. gondii antibodies by modified agglutination test (cut-off 1:25). Additionally, 18 dogs and 20 cats were longitudinally sampled for T. gondii antibodies during the same study period, between June and July 2019. The overall seroprevalence in dogs and cats was 7.9% (25/318; 95% CI 4.9–10.8%) and 18.7% (95% CI 14.4–23.0%), respectively. For dogs, risk factors identified were being a mixed-breed animal and living totally outdoors, while increasing age was shown to be a risk factor for cats. Seroconversion was not detected and titres from positive animals remained constant over longitudinal study. The present study indicates that there is a prominent presence of T. gondii in urban and peri-urban areas of Bangkok, suggesting that outdoor dogs and cats should be considered as a possible risk factor for humans.
- PublicationOpen AccessSerosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from Upper Egypt(Frontiers Media, 2023-10-23) Farag, Shimaa Ismail; Cano Terriza, David; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Salman, Doaa; Aref, Nasr-Eldin M.; Mubaraki, Murad A.; Jiménez Martín, Débora; García Bocanegra, Ignacio; Elmahallawy, Ehab Kotb; Sanidad Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de VeterinariaToxoplasmosis, neosporosis, and Q fever are among the most important abortifacient diseases in ruminants worldwide. These diseases result in huge economic losses in livestock besides the fact that some of are of public health concern. The present study aimed to update the data about the current seroepidemiological situation of these diseases in Upper Egypt. A total of 411 blood samples were collected from small and large ruminants and serologically tested against the presence of T. gondii, N. caninum, and C. burnetii. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were performed to assess the potential risk factors associated with the exposure to these pathogens. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 47.9% (197/411) with an individual seropositivity of 59.4% (63/106), 58.6% (17/29), 38.8% (54/139) and 46% (63/137) in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats, respectively. Meanwhile, 9.7% (38/411) of the examined animals were tested positive for anti-N. caninum antibodies, with an individual seropositivity of 13.2% (12/106), 34.5% (10/29), 8.6% (12/139) and 2.9% (4/137) in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats, respectively. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of antibodies against C. burnetii was 17.3% (63/411), and exposure to this pathogen was detected in 4.7% (5/106) of cattle, 19.3% (20/129) of sheep, 29.2% (38/130) of goats but none of the examined buffalo were found to be seropositive. A total of 12.1% (50/411) of the examined animals showed co-exposure to at least two of the tested pathogens. Regarding the potential risk factors, there were statistically significant differences among species in the frequency of exposure to the three tested pathogens. Age (> 6 months) was also shown to be a significant risk factor associated with T. gondii exposure. The results obtained provided updated information about the occurrence of three of the main reproductive pathogens in Upper Egypt. The high seropositivity values found for the tested zoonotic pathogens in most of the analyzed ruminant species suggest the necessity of performing additional in-depth studies to evaluate the epidemiology of these pathogens in the study area.