Browsing by Subject "Sarcopenia"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on nutritional, functional and frailty biomarkers of people living in nursing homes. a prospective study
    (SAGE Publications, 2023-05-15) Oliveira, Adriana C. De Souza; Gómez Martínez, Carmelo; López Mongil, Rosa; Moreno Molina, Jorge; Hernández Morante, Juan José; Echevarría Pérez, Paloma; Gómez Gallego, María; Atención Sociosanitaria
    Abstract Background: Nursing home residences suffered a lockdown from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study prospectively evaluates the frailty, functional, and nutritional statuses of nursing home residents. Methods: Three hundred and one residents from three nursing homes took part in the study. Frailty status was measured using the FRAIL scale. Functional status was evaluated using the Barthel Index. Additionally, Short Physical Performance Batter (SPPB), SARC-F, hand grip strength, and gait speed were also evaluated. Nutritional status was determined using the mini nutritional assessment test (MNA) and several anthropometrical and biochemical markers. Results: Mini Nutritional Assessment test scores decreased in 20% throughout the confinement (p < .001). Barthel index, SPPB and SARC-F scores also decreased, although to a lesser extent, reflecting a decrease in functional capacity. However, both anthropometric parameters, hand grip strength and gait speed, remained stable throughout confinement (p > .050 in all cases). Morning cortisol secretion significantly decreased by 40% from baseline to post-confinement. A significant reduction in daily cortisol variability was observed, which may suggest increased distress. Fifty-six residents died during the period of confinement (81.4% survival rate). Sex, FRAIL and Barthel Index scores were significant predictors of resident survival. Conclusion: After the first COVID-19 blockade, several alterations in residents’ frailty markers were observed, which were small and potentially reversible. However, many of the residents were pre-frail after the lockdown. This fact highlights the need for preventive strategies to reduce the impact of future social and physical stressors on these vulnerable individuals.
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    Identification of predictors of sarcopenia in older adults using machine learning: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
    (MDPI, 2024-11-12) Pavón Pulido, Nieves; Domínguez, Ligia; Blasco García, Jesús Damián; Veronese, Nicola; Lucas Ochoa, Ana María; Fernández Villalba, Emiliano; González Cuello, Ana María; Barbagallo, Mario; Herrero Ezquerro, María Trinidad; GOING FWD Investigators; Medicina Interna; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Medicina
    Background: After its introduction in the ICD-10-CM in 2016, sarcopenia is a condition widely considered to be a medical disease with important consequences for the elderly. Considering its high prevalence in older adults and its detrimental effects on health, it is essential to identify its risk factors to inform targeted interventions. Methods: Taking data from wave 2 of the ELSA, using ML-based methods, this study investigates which factors are significantly associated with sarcopenia. The Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance algorithm has been used to allow for an optimal set of features that could predict the dependent variable. Such a feature is the input of a ML-based prediction model, trained and validated to predict the risk of developing or not developing a disease. Results: The presented methods are suitable to identify the risk of acquired sarcopenia. Age and other relevant features related with dementia and musculoskeletal conditions agree with previous knowledge about sarcopenia. The present classifier has an excellent performance since the “true positive rate” is 0.81 and the low “false positive rate” is 0.26. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly people, with age and the presence of dementia and musculoskeletal conditions being strong predictors. The new proposed approach paves the path to test the prediction of the incidence of sarcopenia in older adults.202
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    Melatonin protects against sarcopenia in middle-aged mice
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2025) Fang, Fei; Yu, Ping; Sun, Xiaoying; Shen, Zhixing; Zhang, Fan; Sun, Jianwei
    Background. Sarcopenia is a common age-related disease. Melatonin (MEL) is an age-related endocrine hormone, which displays a crucial role in resisting oxidative stress during aging. Importantly, the antioxidant properties of MEL can be mediated by mitochondria. Objective. Therefore, we wondered whether MEL could mitigate oxidative stress caused by mitochondria in sarcopenia. Methods. The middle-aged mice were administered 5 mg/kg/d and 10 mg/kg/d of MEL for 2 months. Young mice were used as the control group. Results. After treatment with MEL, the grip strength of the fore/hind limbs, running time, and distance were elevated, and the weights of the gastrocnemius (GA), tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus (SOL) were enhanced in middle-aged mice. Additionally, MEL was observed to alleviate histological damage and increase the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers in GA tissues of middle-aged mice. Furthermore, following MEL treatment, there was an increase in the percentage and size of normal mitochondria as well as mtDNA copy number but a reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the GA tissues of middle-aged mice. At the molecular level, MEL repressed the levels of ATROGIN-1, muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MURF-1), and the ratio of p-P38/P38, but elevated the expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4), cystatin C (CYTC), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in the GA tissues of middle-aged mice. Importantly, 10 mg/kg MEL was more efficacious in the treatment of sarcopenia than 5 mg/kg MEL. Conclusion. MEL attenuates sarcopenia in middle-aged mice, and the mechanism may relate to mitochondria-induced oxidative stress and the PGC-1α/TFAM pathway
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    Percepción de la salud entre los adultos mayores según estilo de vida y capacidad funcional
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2023) Simón Melchor, Alba; Jiménez Sesma, María Luísa; Solano Castán, Javier; Simón Melchor, Lucía; Ferrer Sorolla, Daniel; Bordonaba Bosque, Daniel
    Objetivos: Conocer la salud autopercibida, estilo de vida, capacidad funcional y relación existente entre ellas, en un grupo de adultos mayores de un centro de atención primaria rural. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal. Los participantes diligenciaron un cuestionario compuesto por datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, de apoyo sociofamiliar, ligados al COVID-19 y 5 escalas: MEDAS-1, RAPA, Barthel, SARC-F y SF-36. Las variables se analizaron mediante contrastes de hipótesis y coeficiente de Pearson, considerando la significación estadística con un p<0.05. Resultados: La muestra se conformó por 142 adultos mayores, con una edad media de 75.85 años. La mayoría estaban casados, tenían estudios primarios, no eran cuidadores, no tenían hábitos tóxicos, estaban polimedicados, tomaban psicofármacos y no padecían temor ante el COVID-19. La muestra presentó globalmente normopeso, el 48.6% demostró una adherencia alta a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM), el 35.9% eran moderadamente activos, el 54.9% indicaron tener independencia para las ABVD y el 75.4% mostraron bajo riesgo de sarcopenia. La percepción de la salud de la muestra fue inferior en la mayoría de las subescalas analizadas del SF-36 que la de la población de referencia, siendo inferior en mujeres y conforme avanza de la edad. Los adultos mayores con baja adhesión a la DM, sedentarios, dependientes y con sarcopenia mostraron inferior percepción de salud. Los participantes con baja adhesión a la DM eran más sedentarios y los más dependientes tenían más riesgo de sarcopenia. Conclusiones: Un estilo de vida inadecuado y la limitación funcional reducen significativamente la autopercepción de la salud, debiendo intervenir para corregirlas.
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    Sit-to-stand video analysis–based app for diagnosing Sarcopenia and its relationship with health-related risk factors and frailty in community-dwelling older adults: diagnostic accuracy study
    (JMIR Publications, 2023-12-08) Ruiz Cárdenas, Juan D.; Montemurro, Alessio; Martínez García, María del Mar; Rodríguez Juan, Juan José; Fisioterapia
    Background: Probable sarcopenia is determined by a reduction in muscle strength assessed with handgrip strength test or 5-times sit-to-stand and it is confirmed with a reduction in muscle quantity determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis. However, these parameters are not implemented in clinical practice mainly due to lack of equipment and time constraints. Nowadays, thanks to technical innovations incorporated in most smartphone devices such as high-speed video cameras provide the opportunity to develop specific smartphone applications for measuring kinematic parameters related with sarcopenia during a simple sit-to-stand transition. Objective: To create and validate a sit-to-stand video analysis based-App for diagnosing sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults and to analyze its construct validity with health-related risk factors and frailty. Methods: A total of 686 community-dwelling older adults (median-age: 72, 59% female) were recruited from elderly social centers. The index test was a sit-to-stand video analysis based-App using muscle power and calf-circumference as a proxy of muscle strength and muscle quantity, respectively. The reference standard was obtained by different combinations of muscle strength (handgrip strength or 5-times sit-to-stand) and muscle quantity (appendicular skeletal mass or skeletal muscle index) as recommended by the EWGSOP2. Sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated as well as the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the App. Construct validity was evaluated using logistic regressions to identify risks associated to health-related outcomes and frailty (Fried phenotype) for those individuals classified as sarcopenic by the index test. Results: Sarcopenia prevalence varied from 2% to 11% according to the different combinations proposed by the EWGSOP2. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC ranged between 70–83.3%, 77–94.9%, 80.5–87.1%, respectively, depending on the diagnostic criteria used. Likewise, positive and negative predictive values ranged between 10.6–43.6% and 92.2¬–99.4%, respectively. These results proved that the App was quite reliable to rule out the disease. Moreover, those individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia according to the index test showed more odds to have health-related adverse outcomes and frailty compared to their respective counterpart regardless the definition proposed by the EWGSOP2. Conclusions: The App showed a good diagnostic performance for detecting sarcopenia in well-functioning Spanish community-dwelling older adults. Sarcopenic individuals diagnosed by the App showed more odds to have health-related risk factors and frailty compared to their respective counterpart. These results highlight the potential use of this App in clinical settings. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05148351.
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    Therapeutic strategies to modulate gut microbial health: Approaches for sarcopenia management
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2024) Das, Shreya; Preethi, B; Kushwaha, Sapana; Shrivastava, Richa
    Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle and functions associated with ageing with currently no definitive treatment. Alterations in gut microbial composition have emerged as a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. Recently, its association with muscle health has pointed to its potential role in mediating sarcopenia. The current review focuses on the association of gut microbiota and mediators of muscle health, connecting the dots between the influence of gut microbiota and their metabolites on biomarkers of sarcopenia. It further delineates the mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects muscle health with progressing age, aiding the formulation of a multi-modal treatment plan involving nutritional supplements and pharmacological interventions along with lifestyle changes compiled in the review. Nutritional supplements containing proteins, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, curcumin, kefir, and ursolic acid positively impact the gut microbiome. Dietary fibres foster a conducive environment for the growth of beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus. Probiotics and prebiotics act by protecting against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines. They also increase the production of gut microbiota metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which aid in improving muscle health. Foods rich in polyphenols are anti-inflammatory and have an antioxidant effect, contributing to a healthier gut. Pharmacological interventions like faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ghrelin mimetics, angiotensin-converting
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    Validity of an iPhone App to detect Prefrailty and Sarcopenia Syndromes in community-dwelling older adults: the protocol for a diagnostic accuracy study
    (MDPI, 2022-08-11) Montemurro, Alessio; Ruiz Cárdenas, Juan D.; Martínez García, María del Mar; Rodríguez Juan, Juan José; Fisioterapia
    Prefrailty and sarcopenia in combination are more predictive of mortality than either condition alone. Early detection of these syndromes determines the prognosis of health-related adverse events since both conditions can be reversed through appropriate interventions. Nowadays, there is a lack of cheap, portable, rapid, and easy-to-use tools for detecting prefrailty and sarcopenia in combination. The aim of this study is to validate an iPhone App to detect prefrailty and sarcopenia syndromes in community-dwelling older adults. A diagnostic test accuracy study will include at least 400 participants aged 60 or over without cognitive impairment and physical disability recruited from elderly social centers of Murcia (Spain). Sit-to-stand muscle power measured through a slow-motion video analysis mobile application will be considered as the index test in combination with muscle mass (calf circumference or upper mid-arm circumference). Frailty syndrome (Fried’s Phenotype) and sarcopenia (EWGSOP2) will both be considered as reference standards. Sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios will be calculated as well as the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic. This mobile application will add the benefit for screening large populations in short time periods within a field-based setting, where space and technology are often constrained (NCT05148351).