Browsing by Subject "Sanction"
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- PublicationOpen AccessCastigo y justificación de la desobediencia civil en el estado constitucional de derecho(Roberto Marino Jiménez Cano, 2012) Mateos Martínez, J.; Fundamentos del Orden Jurídico y ConstitucionalEn este artículo pretendemos reflexionar acerca de la posible justificación de la desobediencia civil en el marco del Derecho positivo propio de un Estado constitucional de Derecho. Partiendo de la positivización de los derechos humanos que debe caracterizar a toda Constitución, y de la prevalencia de la misma sobre las leyes inferiores, entendemos que la desobediencia civil representa, cuando se dan las circunstancias precisas para ello, un ejercicio legítimo de ciertos derechos fundamentales, así como un compromiso con la defensa del Derecho, cuya cúspide se ubica en el texto constitucional. Esta realidad debe tener reflejo en el Derecho Penal de todo Estado, justificando la conducta de quien practica la desobediencia o atenuando su sanción, y entendemos que esta posibilidad existe en el propio Derecho español, tal y como expondremos con base en los razonamientos de autorizada doctrina.
- PublicationOpen AccessKey mechanisms of the accountability process in public-private partnerships(2020) Reyes-González, José Antonio; Esteve, MarcThis article brings together empirical academic research on accountability in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). Via a systematic literature review, we explored how well grounded are concerns about PPPs eroding accountability. We investigated over 50 publications on PPPs, published between 1983 and 2017. These studies were analysed in lights of a categorisation framework of publications to map out the process through which accountability takes place in practice for PPPs. Four key accountability mechanisms stand out in our analysis: behaviour, information, evaluation and sanction. Based upon this analysis, we identified four main account-holders and the mechanisms they employ to participate in the overall accountability process of PPPs. Since none of them can exert full control over the mechanisms of accountability available to them, we argue that this unbalanced and chaotic state of contradicting and overlapping demands of accountability indeed generates accountability deficits, but it can be turned into an advantage if interdependency and complementarity between account-holders is further validated
- PublicationOpen AccessPolítica, discrecionalidad y Derecho en las implicaciones empíricas del principio de proporcionalidad de la pena(Universidad de Almería, 2020-06-30) Giraldi, Angelo; Historia Jurídica y de Ciencias Penales y Criminológicas; Facultad de DerechoThe paper aims at analyzing the practical aspects of the principle of proportionality of criminal sanctions. In order to develop an analysis that concerns the legislative predetermination of the sanction, and its application during trial and during the execution of the sanction, different aspects will be discussed. These aspects concern politics, discretion and Criminal Law.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe economic impact of audit failures(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Porcuna, Rubén; Fuentes, Cristina deThis paper examines the economic consequences associated with an audit failure in the field of statutory auditing services, by analyzing changes in the audit firm’s market share around the time of the investigation process undertaken by the Spanish Public Oversight Board. We explore the variations in audit market share by applying the difference in differences method to a treatment group of 70 sanctioned audit firms and a matched control group of 70 non-sanctioned audit firms. The period of analysis covers the years from 1999 to 2015. Our results show that the sanctioned audit firms suffered a significant decrease in their relative number of clients. Moreover, this measure of market share decreased not only after the publication of the sanction disclosure (which may be attributed to reputational losses) but also after the initiation of the investigation (which may be attributed to the firm’s reluctance to audit risky clients). Findings are similar for both small and large firms when the market share is measured in terms of clients, whereas the evidence is weak concerning variations in their turnover-based market share. Our conclusions could be of interest for audit firms and also for audit regulators when designing disciplinary systems.
- PublicationRestrictedUna perspectiva comparada en tema de punibilidad: el reproche penal proporcionado(Iustel, 2020) Giraldi, Angelo; Historia Jurídica y de Ciencias Penales y Criminológicas; Facultad de DerechoThis work aims at analyzing the principle of proportionality throughout the regulation of criminal sanctions. Firstly, the work will examine the meaning of the four structural elements of the proportionality of the sanction: adequacy, necessity, ponderation of the sanction and evaluation of the legislator’s intention. These elements constitute the dogmatic setup of the proportionality of the sanction according to the German “three-step theory”, which has been modified adding the fourth step. Secondly, the influence of European Criminal Law on the mentioned setup will be analysed. Thanks to this theoretical basis, the analysis will focus thoroughly on the existing Italian Constitutional Case-Law.
- PublicationOpen Access¿Violan los precedentes la IJI? Desencuentros desde la incomprensión(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), 2025-05-29) Núñez Vaquero, Álvaro; Fundamentos del Orden Jurídico y Constitucional; Facultad de DerechoThis work aims to clarify, from the point of view of the analytical theory of law, the question of whether the existence of judicial precedents in a legal system necessarily implies a violation of the internal judicial independence (IJI). To answer the question, we will try to clarify the way in which the IJI is being understood to affirm that it would be affected by the presence of a system of precedents (SP’s). It will proceed as follows: First, it will start by making explicit the reasons why it is necessary to deal with this problem. Secondly, it will be specified what it means that there is a binding SP’s. Third, it will explain what judicial independence consists of, presenting the reasons that justify the IJI: respect for the will of the legislator and equality in the application of law. Next, I will present three aspects of the IJI that could clash with the presence of an SP’s. In the fourth section, it will be argued that an SP’s is less injurious to the IJI than attributing to each of the judges a non-revisable competence to establish how the law should be interpreted and applied. In the Conclusions, it is pointed out that although there may be reasons against having a precedent system, the IJI is not one of them.
- PublicationOpen Access¿Violan los precedentes la IJI? Desencuentros desde la incomprensión(2020-05-29) Nuñez Vaquero, A.; Fundamentos del Orden Jurídico y Constitucional; Facultad de DerechoEste trabajo pretende aclarar, desde el punto de vista de la teoría analítica del derecho, si la existencia de precedentes judiciales en un ordenamiento jurídico implica necesariamente una violación de la independencia judicial interna (IJI). Para responder a la pregunta, se tratará de esclarecer la manera en la que se está entendiendo la IJI para afirmar que esta se vería afectada por la presencia de un sistema de precedentes (SP). Se procederá del siguiente modo: en primer lugar, se partirá haciendo explícitas las razones por las que resulta necesario ocuparse de este problema. En segundo lugar, se precisará qué quiere decir que haya un SP vinculantes. En tercer lugar, se explicará en qué consiste la independencia judicial, presentándose las razones que justifican la IJI: respeto a la voluntad del legislador e igualdad en la aplicación de la ley. A continuación, presentaré tres aspectos de la IJI que podrían chocar con la presencia de un SP. En el cuarto apartado, se descartará la idea de que los precedentes judiciales son más lesivos —de las razones que justifican la IJI— que atribuir a cada uno de los jueces una competencia no revisable para establecer cómo se debe interpretar y aplicar el derecho. En las conclusiones, se señala que aunque puede haber razones en contra de tener un sistema de precedentes, la IJI no es una de ellas.