Browsing by Subject "Rabbits"

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    Cephalosporin susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from commercial rabbit and goat farms in Spain
    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', 2022-12-31) Badillo Puerta, Elena; Escudero, Elisa; Galecio, Juan Sebastian; Marín, Pedro; Farmacología
    Antimicrobial drug resistance is an important problem that challenges veterinary clinicians to provide effective treatments without further spreading this resistance to other animals and people. The most commonly used pharmacodynamic parameter to define potency of antimicrobial drugs is minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of thirty-six strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy goats with mastitis and rabbits with chronic staphylococcosis. Four cephalosporins were tested: cephalexin, cephalotin, cefonicid and ceftiofur. MIC tests were performed according to the microdilution broth method. The calculated values of sensitivity in goats and rabbits were 66.67% and 72.22% for cephalexin, 72.22 % and 94.44% for cefonicid, 77.78% and 94.44% for cephalotin and 77.78% and 100% for ceftiofur, respectively. For all antibiotics, MIC90 of S. aureus from rabbits were lower than MIC90 from goats. These data suggest that more antibiotics are used in goat milk production than in rabbit farming. According to MIC values obtained in this study, ceftiofur and cephalotin may be the best option for treating S. aureus infections in lactating goats. For rabbits, ceftiofur showed lowest MIC values, but cephalosporins can produce fatal diarrhoea in this species, therefore additional studies are needed to evaluate the effects of repeated ceftiofur administration on microflora of rabbits before recommending the use of this antibiotic in this species.
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    Pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of alfaxalone with or without dexmedetomidine in rabbits
    (Elsevier, 2020-04) Marín Carrillo, Pedro; Belda Mellado, Eliseo; Laredo Álvarez, Francisco Ginés; Torres, Crhystian A.; Hernandis Belenguer, Verónica; Escudero Pastor, Elisa; Farmacología
    This study aimed to investigate the specific pharmacokinetic profile and effects of alfaxalone after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration to rabbits and evaluate the potential interaction with dexmedetomidine. The study design was a blinded, randomized crossover with a washout period of 2 weeks. Five New Zealand white rabbits were used. Each animal received single IV and IM injections of alfaxalone at a single dose of 5 mg/kg, and single IV and IM injections of alfaxalone (5 mg/kg) combined with dexmedetomidine (100 μg/kg) administered intramuscularly. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration-time curves were analysed by non-compartmental analysis. Sedation/anaesthesia scores were evaluated by a modified numerical rating scale. At pre-determined time points heart and respiratory rates were measured. Times to sternal recumbency and standing position during the recovery were recorded. Concentrations of alfaxalone alone were very similar (slighty smaller) to concentrations when alfaxalone was combined with dexmedetomidine, after both routes of administration. Dexmedetomidine enhanced and increase the duration of the sedative effects of alfaxalone. In conclusion, alfaxalone administered in rabbits provides rapid and smooth onset of sedation. After IV and IM injections of alfaxalone combined with dexmedetomidine, a longer MRT and a deeper and extended sedation have been obtained compared to alfaxalone alone. Consequently, alfaxalone alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine could be useful to achieve respectively moderate to deep sedation in rabbits.