Browsing by Subject "Probiotics"

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    Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotics and palm fruits extracts on the antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the mucosae of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)
    (Elsevier, 2014-07) Cordero, H; Martínez Tomé, Magdalena; Jiménez Monreal, A.M; Bakhrouf, A; Mahdhi, A; Esteban Abad, María de los Ángeles; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
    Antioxidant activity is particularly important, since oxidation is an unavoidable reaction in all living bodies. At present, natural antioxidants to be used on food as an alternative to synthetic ones are being sought. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) specimens were fed for 4 weeks with diets enriched with bacterial probiotics (Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 and Bacillus sp), single or in combination with Tunisian dates palm fruit extracts. The expression of the main antioxidant enzyme genes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase) in the mucosae (gut, skin and gill) was evaluated after 2 and 4 weeks. Previously, free radical scavenging and several antioxidant assays were developed to know the antioxidant properties present on the palm fruits extracts. The results demonstrated that experimental diets alter the expression of the studied antioxidant genes, primarily in the gill and skin. Furthermore, the tested probiotics and mainly, the aqueous date palm fruits extracts had significant antioxidant properties based on their protective effect against the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, especially when administering during 4 weeks. For this reason, probiotics and date palm fruit extracts may serve as good natural antioxidants and could potentially be considered as a functional food ingredient for fish in farms.
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    Effect of pine bark extract and its phenolic compounds on selected pathogenic and probiotic bacterial strains
    (Frontiers, 2024-03-27) Sánchez Moya, Teresa; López Nicolás, Rubén; Peso Echarri, Patricia; González-Bermúdez, Carlos A.; Frontela-Saseta, Carmen; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
    Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a heterogeneous group of chronic diseases as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). IBD is the result of a dysregulation of intestinal homeostasis with a host’s loss of tolerance toward normal enteric microflora. Plant-based extracts as phenolic compounds can play a role by modulating the intestinal inflammation response. Methods: The in vitro antimicrobial activity of French maritime pine bark extract (PBE) and its phenolic constituents has been investigated in this study. Furthermore, the ability of PBE and phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and taxifolin) to modulate the microbiota has been assessed. Results: Phenolic compounds and PBE showed a great inhibitory effect on the pathogens growth at the highest concentration assessed (1.25 mg/mL). The growth of E. sakazakii and E. faecalis were affected by the effect of caffeic acid and ferulic acid. Taxifolin showed a very strong activity against Listeria sp. (with a reduction ~98%). Gallic acid revealed antibacterial effect on S. aureus at different concentrations. The inhibitory effect of PBE was highly significant on the growth of E. coli O157:H7. PBE, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid seem to provide the greatest beneficial effect on the probiotic bacteria. However, the highest concentrations of taxifolin may have impaired the growth of beneficial microbiota. Conclusion: Present findings could be of interest for considering PBE and/or its phenolic constituents as protectors against gastrointestinal disturbances which lead to ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
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    Effects of pumpkin and fermented whey on fecal microbiota profile against AFB1 and OTA exposure in Wistar rats
    (Taylor and Francis Group, Taylor and Francis, 2025-04-08) Lázaro, Álvaro; Vila-Donat, Pilar; Cimbalo, Alessandra; Manyes, Lara; Gómez Ramírez, Pilar; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Mycotoxins perturb the gut microbiota performance. Bioactive compounds have been recently used as a new food strategy to diminish mycotoxins bioaccessibility and prevent their toxic effects on human and animal health. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed orally to twelve different diets containing aflatoxin B1 (aFB1) and/or ochratoxin a (Ota) with or without fermented whey (FW) and pumpkin (P) for 28 days. Fecal microbiota using 16s rRNa gene sequencing and subsequent metagenomics analysis were analyzed to study the effect of 28-day exposure through diet of contaminated and enriched feed. QiiMe 2 microbiome analysis package (version 2024.5) was used to analyze the demultiplexed data. Mycotoxins-functional ingredients combination contributed more to microbial phylogenetic faith α-diversity rather than the functional ingredients alone, while the same combination reported a microbial α-diversity enhancement in comparison to the mycotoxins alone. Proteobacteria phylum was reduced in rat samples fed with contaminated diets (aFB1, Ota, and aFB1+Ota), while there was an increase— although not in all groups—when adding the functional ingredients. the main difference between the sexes was found in FW+aFB1+Ota group, with males (25%) showing higher % of proteobacteria than females (1.86%). Phylogenetic diversity faith only focuses on microbial genetic (dis)similarity, not considering the biological function. Morganella morganii, a roteobacteria found in some groups presents anticancer activity, but it is also related to inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. to sum up, both mycotoxins and functional ingredients trigger changes in the microbiota profile of Wistar rats in a sex-specific manner.
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    Impact of gut microbiota on neurological diseases: Diet composition and novel treatments.
    (Taylor & Francis, 2018-07-12) Larroya-García, Ana; Navas-Carrillo, Diana; Orenes-Piñero, Esteban; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A
    Gut microbiota has significant effects on the structure and function of the enteric and central nervous system including human behaviour and brain regulation. Herein, we analyze the role of this intestinal ecosystem, the effects of dietary changes and the administration of nutritional supplements, such as probiotics, prebiotics, or fecal transplantation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Numerous factors have been highlighted to influence gut microbiota composition, including genetics, health status, mode of birth delivery and environment. However, diet composition and nutritional status has been repeatedly shown to be one of the most critical modifiable factors of this ecosystem. A comprehensively analysis of the microbiome-intestine-brain axis has been performed, including the impact of intestinal bacteria in alterations in the nervous, immune and endocrine systems and their metabolites. Finally, we discuss the latest literature examining the effects of diet composition, nutritional status and microbiota alterations in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer's disease and anorexia nervosa.
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    Probiotic (yogurt) containing Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 is effective for preventing Candida albicans-induced mucosal inflammation and proliferation in the forestomach of diabetic rats
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Terayama, Yui; Matsuura, Tetsuro; Uchida, Masayuki; Narama, Isao; Ozaki, Kiyokazu
    Oral and esophageal candidiasis sometimes leads to mucosal hyperplasia, and progresses to carcinoma. We have produced an animal model for hyperplastic mucosal candidiasis in the forestomach that has a proliferative lesion of the squamous epithelium with chronic inflammation and C. albicans infection, some of which advanced to squamous cell carcinoma. There are many reports of the antibacterial effects of probiotics, but consensus about their antifungal effect has not been reached. In the present study, we investigate whether probiotic (yogurt) containing Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 (LG21 yogurt) can prevent proliferative and inflammatory changes caused by C. albicans in this mucosal candidiasis animal model. Diabetes was induced in 8-week-old WBN/Kob rats by intravenous administration of alloxan. One group of diabetic rats received a saline containing C. albicans and LG21 yogurt orally (DC+LG21 group) for 30 weeks, and another group received only C. albicans (DC group) for 30 weeks. They were sacrificed at 40 weeks of age, and analyzed histopathologically. In the DC+LG21 group, squamous hyperplasia at the greater curvature was significantly milder, and the Ki-67 positive index was significantly lower compared with the DC group. Suppurative inflammation with C. albicans also tended to be suppressed at the greater curvature. These findings suggest that probiotic (yogurt) containing Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 can suppress squamous hyperplastic change and inflammation associated with C. albicans infection in the forestomach.