Browsing by Subject "Porcine model"

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    Effects of pneumoperitoneum and body position on the morphology of the caudal cava vein analyzed by MRI and plastinated sections
    (Springer Nature, 2012-10-24) Párraga Ros, Ester; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Sánchez-Margallo, Fco; Moyano-Cuevas, J.L.; Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
    Background Pneumoperitoneum and patient positioning are essential factors during laparoscopic surgical procedures. They cause hemodynamic and anatomical changes in several abdominal organs among which the caudal cava vein (CCV) is involved. Hemodynamic changes in this vein (decreased venous return) have been described in the porcine model, but how the vein morphology and size is affected at different abdominal levels is unknown. We sought to assess the morphological and morphometrical changes in the CCV of the pig caused by pneumoperitoneum and the reverse Trendelenburg position by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Six pigs were scanned via MRI under four situations: S1, control (no pneumoperitoneum); S2, control in the reverse Trendelenburg position; S3, pneumoperitoneum (14 mmHg); and S4, pneumoperitoneum in the reverse Trendelenburg position. MRI and plastinated body sections were used to evaluate the topography, morphology and cross-sectional area of the CCV. Results Two portions of the CCV were differentiated: a prehepatic portion (located between the vertebral levels L1–T15) with flat and irregular morphology, and a hepatic portion (between T14–T11) that was almost rounded. The reverse Trendelenburg position caused an increase in the lumen affecting mainly the prehepatic portion, while pneumoperitoneum caused a decrease in the total vascular lumen, exerting a greater effect on the hepatic portion. The combination of both situations resulted in a further decrease in the vascular area and global morphological changes. Conclusions The pneumoperitoneum and reverse Trendelenburg position caused morphological and morphometrical changes in the prehepatic and hepatic portions of the CCV, which should assist in gaining a better understanding of the hemodynamic changes described in the literature.
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    Intestinal histopathological changes in a porcine model of pneumoperitoneum-induced intra-abdominal hypertension
    (Springer, 2018-05-17) Párraga Ros, Ester; Correa Martín, Laura; Sánchez‑Margallo, Francisco M.; Candanosa‑Aranda, Irma Eugenia; Malbrain, Manu L. N. G.; Wise, Robert; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; Castellanos, Gregorio; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
    Background Low splanchnic perfusion is an immediate effect of pneumoperitoneum-induced intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Anatomical structure results in the intestinal mucosa being the area most sensitive to hypoperfusion. The relationship between intestinal injury and clinical parameters of tissue perfusion [abdominal perfusion pressure (APP), gastric intramucosal pH ( pHi) and lactic acid (Lc)] has not been previously studied. This study aimed to monitorize intestinal pathogenesis through sequential ileal biopsies and to measure APP, pHi, and Lc levels at different pneumoperitoneum-induced intraabdominal pressures (20, 30, and 40 mmHg) to evaluate the potential relationships between them. Materials and methods Fifty pigs were divided into four groups; a control group (C) and three experimental groups with different pneumoperitoneum-induced levels [20 mmHg (G20), 30 mmHg (G30), and 40 mmHg (G40)], that were maintained for 3 and 5 h. APP, pHi, and Lc were measured and ileal biopsies taken laparoscopically every 30 min. The mucosal damage was graded using the standardized Park’s Score and animals were classified as injured (I+) or uninjured (I−). Results Different histopathological lesions were observed in groups G20, G30, and G40 but no damage observed in group C. A 33.3% of animals in G20 and G30 were I+ after 3 h, while 93.3% were injured in G40. After 5 h, histopathological lesions were no longer seen in some animals in G20 and only 10% were I+. Conversely, in G30 I+ pigs increased to 80% while those in G40 remained at 93.3% I+. The I+ animals had significantly lower APP and pHi than those I−. Lc was the clinical parameter that showed the earliest differences, with significantly higher figures in I+ animals. Conclusions The evolution of intestinal injuries from pneumoperitoneum-induced IAH depends on the degree of IAP. These damages may be associated with decreases in APP and pHi, and increases in Lc.
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    The immunolocalization of HIF-2α, GLUT1 and CAIX in porcine oviduct during the estrous cycle
    (Wiley, 2022-06-09) Párraga Ros, Ester; Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; Aparicio Gozález, Mónica; Boronat Belda, Talía; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
    Oxygen (O2) rates in the oviduct are essential to human and animal reproduction. These rates are regulated by the activity of hypoxia markers such as the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the glucose transporters (GLUT), and the carbonic anhydrase (CA). In the porcine model, scarce studies have been reported regarding these markers and their effects in reproduction are unknown. The objective was to characterize the immunolocalization of HIF-2α, GLUT1, and CAIX in porcine oviducts throughout the estrous cycle. Oviducts (ampulla and isthmus) of adult sows (n = 45) were collected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis with HIF-2α, GLUT1, and CAIX markers. The percentage of immunopositive area was quantified, and the differences among phases of the estrous cycle were analyzed (folicular, early luteal, and late luteal). The three markers showed epithelial presence mainly. Significantly lower expression of HIF-2α was found in the luteal phases, especially in the isthmus. GLUT1 expression did not change throughout the estrous cycle, but differences were found between the ampulla and isthmus. CAIX expression showed the highest, with a significant downward trend throughout estrous cycle. The ubiquitous expression of hypoxia markers shows the porcine oviduct physiology in relation to O2. The differential expression of HIF-2α, GLUT1, and CAIX in different subcompartments of the oviduct throughout the estrous cycle contributes to improve the knowledge of the cell physiology of the oviduct, which can be useful in fertilization studies.