Browsing by Subject "Polysaccharide"

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    Structural characterization of mesquite (Prosopis velutina) gum and its fractions
    (Wiley, 2008-07-31) López Franco, Yolanda L.; Calderón de la Barca, Ana María; Valdez, Miguel Ángel; Peter, Martin G.; Rinaudo, Marguerite; Chambat, Gérard; Goycoolea Valencia, Francisco Martín; Biología Celular e Histología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Biología
    Structural and physicochemical characteristics of mesquite gum (from Prosopis velutina) were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and chromatographic methods. Four fractions (F-I, F-IIa, F-IIb and F-III) were isolated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The samples were characterized and analyzed for their monosaccharide and oligomers composition by high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). L-Arabinose (L-Ara) and D-galactose (D-Gal) were found as the main carbohydrate constituent residues in the polysaccharides from mesquite gum and their ratio (L-Ara/D-Gal) varied within the range 2.54 to 3.06 among the various fractions. Small amounts of D-glucose (D-Glc), D-mannose (D-Man) and D-xylose (D-Xyl) were also detected, particularly in Fractions IIa, IIb and III. Infrared spectroscopy identified polysaccharides and protein in all the samples. Data from mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was consistent with the idea that the structure corresponding to the periphereal chains of Fraction I is predominantly a chain of pentoses attached to uronic acid.
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    Open Access
    The effects of polysaccharides from Schizophyllum commune (Fr.) on amyloid-β and GFAP-induced neuronal injury in hippocampal regions of hyperlipidemia-affected rats
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2026) Wanida Chuaikhongthong; Uraporn Vongvatcharanon; Manaras Komolkriengkrai; Udomlak Matsathit; Wipapan Khimmaktong; Natyamee Thipthong; Biología Celular e Histología
    Aims. The hippocampal region is an essential area for memory. Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to impact this brain region. It is caused by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) along with neurofibrillary tangles, together with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, which causes loss of synapses, resulting in memory problems. Consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) causes the abnormal production of certain neuro-transmitters through the gut-brain axis system, resulting in hippocampal neuron damage. Therefore, this study examined the effects of polysaccharides from Schizophyllum commune (Fr.) or split-gill mushroom (SG) in rats induced with an HFD. Methods. The Y-maze test assessed spontaneous alternation percentages and short-term memory in all rat groups, while H&E and Cresyl violet staining revealed alterations in the characteristics of neurons across treatment groups. Immunofluorescence was employed to identify the expressions of neurodegenerative and inflammatory proteins. Results. The short-term memory was evaluated using the Y-maze test, which found that the spontaneous alternation percentage was lower in the HFD group and higher in the HFD+SG group compared with the control group. Alterations in neuron characteristics were revealed by Cresyl violet and H&E staining. The HFD group was found to have necrotic neurons; however, the HFD+SG group had less damage than the HFD group. Immunofluorescence observations indicated the expression of Aβ and GFAP proteins; the HFD group showed an increase in Aβ and GFAP accumulation, whereas in the HFD+SG group, these were significantly reduced. Conclusions. The study demonstrated improvements in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that polysaccharides from SG may be able to lessen the harm caused to the brain by consuming an HFD.