Browsing by Subject "Polarization"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Algunos síntomas de argumentación polarizada.
    (ACEP. Ateneo de Estudios Políticos., 2025) Marraud, Hubert; Sin departamento asociado
    El reconocimiento de la importancia de los distintos tipos de agencia argumentativa y de las funciones identitarias de la argumentación permite abordar la polarización desde la teoría de la argumentación. Para explorar la polarización como un fenómeno argumentativo partiré de la definición de la polarización grupal como un proceso deliberativo de refuerzo de creencias y actitudes. Mantengo que lo característico de la argumentación polarizada es que se basa en la oposición nosotros-ellos y se sirve sistemática y deliberadamente de mecanismos de inclusión y de exclusión en el grupo deliberativo. Para ilustrarlo, consideraré el uso de los pronombres personales en la deliberación pública, la identificación de las razones con las razones del grupo, y el uso de un tipo de argumento que he bautizado como “argumento ad coetus”.
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    Enhancement of second harmonic microscopy images in collagen-based thick samples using radially polarized laser beams
    (Elsevier, 2021-07-07) Martínez Ojeda, Rosa María; Hernández García, Carlos; Bueno García, Juan Manuel; Física
    The visualization of collagen-based tissues imaged with second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy strongly depends on the polarization state of the scanning laser beam. This has been often explored using spatially homogeneous states (mainly linear or circular). However, vector beams (i.e. laser beams with spatially non-uniform polarization states) have become a powerful tool in different research field and technological applications. In particular, radially polarized vector beams are known to provide a tight focal spot and lateral resolution enhancement. Here we propose the use of radially polarized beams to improve the quality of SHG microscopy images. The performance of this particular type of vector beam is compared to that obtained with a circularly polarized light beam for different non-stained specimens and depth locations. Results show that independently of the sample’s thickness, the efficiency of SHG processes is increased when using the radially polarized beam, also leading to a higher image quality. Our results open the route for using vector beams to get a better visualization of biological details within the imaged areas, especially at deeper locations.
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    Hate speech and polarization in participatory society
    (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2022) Pérez Escolar, Marta; Noguera-Vivo, José Manuel...et.al.; Comunicación; Pérez Escolar, Marta; Noguera-Vivo, José Manuel; Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación
    This timely volume offers a comprehensive and rigorous overview of the role of communication in the construction of hate speech and polarization in the online and offline arena. Delving into the meanings, implications, contexts and effects of extreme speech and gated communities in the media landscape, the chapters analyse misleading metaphors and rhetoric via focused case studies to understand how we can overcome the risks and threats stemming from the past decade’s defining communicative phenomena. The book brings together an international team of experts, enabling a broad, multidisciplinary approach that examines hate speech, dislike, polarization and enclave deliberation as cross axes that influence offline and digital conversations. The diverse case studies herein offer insights into international news media, television drama and social media in a range of contexts, suggesting an academic frame of reference for examining this emerging phenomenon within the field of communication studies. Offering thoughtful and much-needed analysis, this collection will be of great interest to scholars and students working in communication studies, media studies, journalism, sociology, political science, political communication and cultural industries.
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    How did we get here? The consequences of deceit in addressing political polarization
    (Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2021) Noguera-Vivo, José Manuel; Pérez Escolar, Marta; Comunicación; Noguera-Vivo, José Manuel; Pérez-Escolar, Marta; Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación
    The main contribution of this chapter is to study the central role information disorders play in political polarization; in concrete, the objective of this chapter is to illustrate how Spanish political elites – parties and politicians – feed radical ghettos and polarized groups, when distributing lies and fabricated stories on the Internet. For this purpose, we have applied a qualitative methodology, consisting of the case study method, to understand the potential impact of both – political polarization and false content – on the weakened quality of the Spanish democracy. The selected cases include the most popular political parties in Spain: PSOE, PP, Vox, Unidas Podemos and Ciudadanos. As we have demonstrated, political parties in Spain spread both, misinformation and disinformation. We confirm that political parties contribute to increase political polarization when they spread fabricated stories. This results in what we call diversification of polarization, which refers to people becoming isolated in multiple bubble cyber-ghettos depending upon the nature of the issue under debate, i.e. inequality between sexes, climate change, immigration issues, the high prices of rent or the Catalonian independence movement, among other examples. As a consequence, the act of lying increases the diversification of polarization and reduces the possibilities of achieving consensus.
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    Introduction to the dilemmas and struggles of participatory society
    (Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2021) Pérez Escolar, Marta; Noguera-Vivo, José Manuel; Comunicación; Pérez-Escolar, Marta; Noguera-Vivo, José Manuel; Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación
    Multiple authors have already warned about the disadvantages that arise in participatory society due to the peculiarities and traits of online scenarios: Van Alstyne and Brynjolfsson proposed the term ‘cyberbalkanization’ to describe the fragmentation of the internet into special interest groups. One of the most representative and recent examples of the dark side of participatory society was the attack on the US Capitol at the beginning of January 2021. For that reason, when polarized ideological ghettos magnify information disorders and reinforce outrageous behaviors, like the assault on the US Capitol, it is essential to start counterattacking the falsehood, combating hate speech and breaking up social segregation and political fragmentation. Aiming to contribute to the accumulative knowledge about stereotypes and distorted images disseminated by mass media, Cristina Algaba, Beatriz Tome-Alonso and Giulia Cimini attempt to study the representation of the Muslim world in prime-time TV series broadcast in Spain, a country with a long-established Muslim population and a strategic migratory destination.
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    Por qué fracasa la deliberación y cómo podemos remediarlo. Una alternativa ética al enfoque neurocientífico
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2017) Pérez Zafrilla, Pedro Jesús
    Para la democracia deliberativa el acuerdo racional es el fin de los procesos deliberativos. Sin embargo, estudios actuales muestran que en ciertas ocasiones la deliberación, lejos de producir el acuerdo, genera procesos de polarización. Una aproximación a este problema de la polarización ha sido desarrollada desde la neurociencia por autores como Lakoff, Haidt, Hugo Mercier o Hélène Landemore. Así, en este artículo pretendemos, en primer lugar, abordar el enfoque de estos autores sobre la polarización. Esto permitirá extraer los errores que pueda haber en sus planteamientos. Finalmente, desarrollaremos una propuesta para corregir la polarización de los procesos deliberativos.
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    Recent progress in macrophage- mediated tendon injury and healing
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2026) Yining Zhang; Yanzhao Dong; Xiaodi Zou; Ahmad Alhaskawi; Fangyu Yi; Sohaib Hasan Abdullah Ezzi; Vishnu Goutham Kota; Mohamed Hasan Abdulla Hasan Abdulla; Haiying Zhou; Alenikova Olga; Sahar Ahmed Abdalbary; Jinhui Liang; Hui Lu; Weijie Zhou; Biología Celular e Histología
    Recently, the role of macrophages in tendon repair has received increased attention. These cells are versatile, playing multiple roles, such as defending the host, engulfing debris, producing growth factors, and releasing substances that can both promote and alleviate inflammation. Within the scope of tendon repair and tendinopathy resolution, macrophages are essential contributors. However, the current understanding of macrophage involvement in tendon healing remains limited. Hence, understanding macrophages' impact on tendon healing is of considerable importance for devising innovative treatment approaches. It is crucial to examine the precise role that macrophages play in tendon recovery, as it provides new understanding that can propel both research and the development of therapeutic methods aimed at enhancing tendon recovery moving forward