Browsing by Subject "Peripheral nerve injury"

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    Ghrelin and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve nerve regeneration in a rat model of epsilon-caprolactone conduit reconstruction
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Hernández Cortés, Pedro; Toledo Romero, Miguel Angel; Delgado, Mario; Gonzalez Rey, Elena; Gómez Sánchez, Rafael; Prados Olleta, Nicolás; Aneiros Fernández, José; Crespo Lora, Vicente; Aguilar, Mariano; Galindo Moreno, Pablo; O’Valle, Francisco
    Objective. Attempts have been made to improve nerve conduits in peripheral nerve reconstruction. We investigated the potential therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (ASCs) and ghrelin (GHR), a neuropeptide with neuroprotective, trophic, and developmental regulatory actions, on peripheral nerve regeneration in a model of severe nerve injury repaired with nerve conduits. Material and methods. The right sciatic nerves of 24 male Wistar rats were 10-mm transected unilaterally and repaired with Dl-lactic-ε-caprolactone conduits. Rats were then treated locally with saline, ASCs, or GHR. At 12 weeks post-surgery, we assessed limb function by measuring ankle stance angle and percentage muscle mass reduction and evaluated the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, and morphometry of myelinated fibers. Main Results. Rats receiving GHR or ASCs showed no significant increased functional recovery in ankle stance angle (p=0.372) but a higher nerve area (p=0.015), myelin area (p=0.046) and number of myelinated fibers (p=0.012) in the middle and distal segments of operated sciatic nerves in comparison to saline-treated control animals. Conclusion. These results suggest that utilization of ghrelin or ASCs may improve nerve regeneration using Dl-lactic-ε-caprolactone conduits.
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    Region-specific response of central microglial cells to sciatic nerve demyelination through sensory and motor pathways
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2024) Wu, Shuang; Su, Yuxin; Wang, Yuqing; Wang, Jia; Xu, Dongsheng; Liu, Yihan; Yang, Kunwu; Gao, Junhong; Cui, Jingjing
    Peripheral nerve injury can cause changes in microglial cells on the spinal dorsal and ventral horns. This region-specific response implies that central microglial cells could be activated through both sensory and motor pathways. In order to further determine how peripheral nerve injury activates central microglial cells through neural pathways, the sciatic nerve was selected as the target for neural tract tracing and demyelination. Firstly, we used cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) to map the central sensory and motor territories of the sciatic nerve. Secondly, we applied lysophosphatidylcholine to establish the model of sciatic nerve demyelination and examined the distribution of activated microglial cells via immunofluorescence with ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. It was shown that CTB labeling included the transganglionically labeled sensory afferents and retrogradely labeled somata of motor neurons along the sensory and motor pathways of the sciatic nerve ipsilateral to the injection, in which sensory afferents terminated on the gracile nucleus, Clarke’s nucleus, and spinal dorsal horn, while motor neurons located on the spinal ventral horn. Consistently, after sciatic nerve demyelination, the activated microglial cells were observed in the same territories as CTB-labeling, showing shortened processes and enlarged cell bodies. These results support the idea that central microglia might be activated by signals from the demyelinated sciatic nerve through both sensory and motor pathways.
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    The significance of M1 macrophage should be highlighted in peripheral nerve regeneration
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2023) Feng, Ruiqin; Zhang, Peixun
    Macrophage influences peripheral nerve regeneration. According to the classical M1/M2 paradigm, the M1 macrophage is an inhibitor of regeneration, while the M2 macrophage is a promoter. However, several studies have shown that M1 macrophages are indispensable for peripheral nerve repair and facilitate many critical processes in axonal regeneration. In this review, we summarized the information on macrophage polarization and focused on the activities of M1 macrophages in regeneration. We also provided some examples where the macrophage phenotypes were regulated to help regeneration. We argued that the coordination of both macrophage phenotypes might be effective in peripheral nerve repair, and a more comprehensive view of macrophages might contribute to macrophage-based immunomodulatory therapies.