Browsing by Subject "Paratuberculosis"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Paratuberculosis at European scale: an overview from 2010 to 2017
    (2020-04-24) Fanelli, Angela; Buonavoglia, Domenico; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Tizzani, Paolo; Sanidad Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
    Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis (PTB), a disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants. MAP may also play a zoonotic role in Crohn’s disease. Although both governments and industries are carrying out programmes to prevent and control the infection, there is a lack of harmonization across Europe. Moreover, the success of these programmes is influenced by the current lack of sensitivity of the diagnostic tests used. For these reasons, it is complex to evaluate the overall epidemiological situation of this disease. This study describes the European distribution of PTB from 2010 to 2017 using the information reported by Member Countries to the OIE. Countries were classified in three categories (‘Absent’, ‘Epizootic’, ‘Enzootic’) depending on the disease epidemiology, and the trend of countries reporting the disease presence was computed throughout the study period. A multilevel model with random slope was built for twelve countries, with complete reporting history. Most of the countries (57.44%) were classified as ‘Enzootic’. The percentage of countries reporting the disease presence slightly increased along the study period, probably due to the improvement of PTB monitoring, rather than to a deterioration of the epidemiological situation of the disease in Europe. Results of the model account for different dynamics in the number of outbreaks reported by ‘Enzootic’ and ‘Epizootic’ countries.
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    Paratuberculosis caprina: una revisión con especial énfasis en su interferencia con el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis
    (Universidad de Murcia, 2014) Rivera, J.; Marín, M.C.; Riquelme, M.F.; Cubero Pablo, María José; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Sanidad Animal
    La paratuberculosis, causada por Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, afecta a los rumiantes domésti- cos y silvestres, está ampliamente extendida y se contagia vía fecal-oral, tiene un curso crónico y causa graves pérdidas económicas. La respuesta inmune del hospedador va cambiando durante la infección, y con ella el estadio de la enfermedad, las lesiones y la respuesta a las pruebas diagnósticas. Causa lesiones principalmente en el íleon terminal (linfangiectasia, atrofia de las vellosidades, enteritis granulomatosa) que permiten la identi- ficación post-mortem de la enfermedad y su diferenciación de la tuberculosis. El cuadro clínico consiste en un adelgazamiento progresivo con algunos casos de diarrea, y aparece entre los 2 y 4 años de edad de forma espo- rádica. El diagnóstico de la paratuberculosis se realiza por detección de la respuesta inmune celular por intra- dermotuberculinización (con PPD aviar o johnina) y gamma-interferón (IFN-γ). No hay tratamiento efectivo, y el control se realiza con manejo y con vacunación. La interferencia de la paratuberculosis con el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis caprina consiste en una disminución de la sensibilidad de las pruebas cutáneas, que afecta más a la intradermo-tuberculinización comparada. Por esto, es aconsejable combinar como técnicas de diagnóstico de tuberculosis caprina, en rebaños infectados de paratuberculosis, la intradermotuberculinización simple y la técnica del IFN-γ, usando como prueba complementaria la técnica del ELISA basado en el antígeno MPB-70. Respecto a la interferencia de la vacunación contra la paratuberculosis en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis ca- prina, debido a que las vacunas usadas actualmente (atenuadas e inactivadas) producen una respuesta inmune similar a la infección natural, se produce una interferencia de larga duración (20 meses) en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis. Esta interferencia se puede evitar usando vacunas con antígenos concretos del complejo M. tuberculosis, lo que facilitaría la erradicación de la tuberculosis.
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    Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis in feral pigeons (Columba livia) associated with difficulties controlling Paratuberculosis in a bovine herd (Fighting Bull Breed)
    (MDPI, 2022-11-27) Sanes, J. Manuel; Mas, Alberto; Ramis, Guillermo; Párraga Ros, Ester; Sánchez Campillo, Joaquín; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
    A bovine herd with a high prevalence of paratuberculosis (PTB) cohabiting with a population of pigeons was studied (2011–2020). After finding the disease in 2011, annual monitoring was performed in 2012–2014 by obtaining blood samples for ELISA and intradermal tuberculinization (IT) tests for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Positive animals were eliminated. PTB prevalence dropped from 10% to 0% but returned to similar values (9.5%) after 6 years without tests. In all animals, Ac values according to the optical density (OD) determined by ELISA increased each year and could be used to isolate herds close to the cutoff point to improve PTB control. Possible reservoirs were considered after evaluating the little success of the PTB control program, and the population of feral pigeons was studied. Specifically, 10% of the pigeon population (n = 13) was necropsied. Samples of intestine, feces, and foot skin for PCR study for MAP and samples of terminal intestine for histopathological analysis were taken. Eleven pigeons were PCR-positive against MAP, in the intestine (10/11), foot skin (3/11), and feces (1/11). The presence of MAP in pigeon feet could demonstrate its role as a mechanical disseminator of PTB, while the presence in pigeon intestine and feces could also suggest its role as a reservoir.