Browsing by Subject "Palatine tonsils"

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    Age-related changes in the morphology and the distribution of IgA and IgG in the palatine tonsils of yaks (Bos grunniens)
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2018) Sun, Juan; Xu, Yuanfang; Cui, Yan; Liu, Penggang; Yu, Sijiu; He, Junfeng; Zhang, Qiang; Huang, Yufeng; Yang, Xue
    This study aimed to describe the age-related morphological changes and the distribution of IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in yaks. The palatine tonsils of twenty clinically healthy yaks, viz. newborn juvenile, adult and aged, were studied using histology, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the palatine tonsils found in two tonsillar sinus were elongated kidney-shaped structures. Some external crypts and internal crypts were present. The palatine tonsils were partially enclosed by a connective tissue capsule and had trabeculae extending into the organ. Within these encapsulated organs, mucous glands were seen very obviously. Each crypt was highly branched and lined with stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. Several nonepithelial cells infiltrated between the epithelial cells, forming patches of reticular epithelium or lymphoepithelium. In newborn yaks, the lymphoid follicles were not observed. In other groups, the lymphoid follicles consisted of primary lymphoid follicles and secondary lymphoid follicles. Both IgA and IgG ASCs were distributed in the interfollicular areas, lymphoid follicles, the subepithelial areas of the nonreticular crypt epithelium, and the reticular crypt epithelium, with a few positive cells aggregated around the gland. The density of the two ASCs and the expression of the two proteins gradually increased from newborn to adult and reached a peak at adult age; they then decreased with age. However, the density of the IgG ASCs and the expression of IgG protein was significantly higher than that of IgA in all groups (P<0.01). The results indicated that the palatine tonsils were not only lymphoepithelial structures but also typical secondary lymphoid organs. IgG could be a significant component of mucosal immune responses in the palatine tonsils of yaks.
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    The distribution of SIgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells in the palatine tonsils of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) of different ages
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Jia, Shuai; Zhang, Wangdong; Tan, Xuefen; He, Wanhong; Wang, Wenhui
    Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are the major effector cells of mucosal immunity, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) ASCs are also associated with mucosal immunity. This study aimed to explore the distribution of these 2 ASC populations in the palatine tonsils of Bactrian camels of different ages. Eighteen Bactrian camels were divided into the following three age groups: pubertal (3-5 years), middle-aged (6-16 years) and old (17-20 years). SIgA and IgG ASCs within different sites of the palatine tonsils were observed through histological and immunohistochemical techniques, and their densities were analyzed using statistical methods. The results from all age groups showed that both the SIgA and IgG ASCs were primarily distributed in the subepithelial compartments of the reticulated crypt epithelium and secondarily distributed in the subepithelial compartments of the stratified surface squamous epithelium, with a few ASCs located in the extrafollicular region. Their densities in these three areas were significantly decreased in turn (P<0.05). However, the densities of SIgA ASCs were significantly higher than IgG ASCs in the same regions (P<0.05), and the densities of both ASC populations decreased with age. The results confirmed that Bactrian camel palatine tonsils are the primary mucosal immune organ producing SIgA ASCs, and the subepithelial compartment of the reticulated crypt epithelium is the primary region for the colonization and functional activity of SIgA and IgG ASCs.