Browsing by Subject "Organs"

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    Lead and cadmium in blood and tissues of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L., 1758)
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2024-02) Belmonte, Antonio; Muñoz, Pilar; Romero García, Diego; Sanidad Animal
    Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels in blood and tissues of Atlantic bluefin tuna were analysed to gather in formation regarding their distribution, accumulation and inter-relationships, as well as to examine how sex affects them. In the whole population, the concentration range was from below the detection limit (bone) to 8.512 μg g− 1 (liver) for Cd, and from below detection limit (bone and gills) to 0.063 μg g− 1 (kidney) for Pb. The median concentration in the muscles (0.008 and 0.029 μg g− 1 for Cd and Pb, respectively) was 10 times less than the maximum permitted for consumption. Sex was shown to be an important variable affecting concentrations of Cd in both liver and kidneys, so taking into account sex when interpreting results is highly recommended. The importance of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation in fishery by-products, increasingly important in commercial circuits, is also highlighted.
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    Neurotoxins and pore forming toxins in sea anemones: Potential candidates for new drug development
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2023) Wang, Zhi-Lin; Zhang, Shu-Yi; Hao, Shuang Li; Yang, Wan Xi
    There are two kinds of toxins in sea anemones: neurotoxins and pore forming toxins. As a representative of the sodium channel toxin, the neurotoxin ATX II in neurotoxin mainly affects the process of action potential and the release of transmitter to affect the inactivation of the sodium channel. As the representatives of potassium channel toxins, BgK and ShK mainly affect the potassium channel current. EqTx and Sticholysins are representative of pore forming toxins, which can form specific ion channels in cell membranes and change the concentration of internal and external ions, eventually causing hemolytic effects. Based on the above mechanism, toxins such as ATX II can also cause toxic effects in tissues and organs such as heart, lung and muscle. As an applied aspect it was shown that sea anemone toxins often have strong toxic effects on tumor cells, induce cancer cells to enter the pathway of apoptosis, and can also bind to monoclonal antibodies or directly inhibit relevant channels for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.