Browsing by Subject "Ocupaciones"

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    Análisis de la segregación ocupacional por género en España y la Unión Europea (2002-2017)
    (Fundación iS+D para la Investigación Social Avanzada, 2019-07-31) López Martínez, María; Nicolás Martínez, Catalina; Riquelme Perea, Prudencio José; Vives Ramírez, Nerea; Economía Aplicada; Facultad de Ciencias del Trabajo
    Gender-based employment segregation is a phenomenon that affects the labor market of any territory. Despite the measures taken to eradicate it, it continues to cause inequalities and discrimination. This work has two objectives: 1) to analyze the evolution of occupational segregation according to gender during the period 2002-2017 and 2) to compare the situation of Spain with the European Union average, thus advancing the knowledge of this complex phenomenon. After reviewing the main theoretical contributions and defining the most suitable indicators to quantify employment segregation (especially the dissimilarity index) their empirical analysis is carried out using Eurostat data. The results obtained reveal a cyclical behavior of segregation in Spain, which tends to rise during the expansive phases and to fall in the recessive ones, although it has been interrupted since 2014. This dynamic does not seem to occur in the European Union, which has a lower level than our country; moreover, the gap between Spain and the EU has increased. In this way, Spain has gone from occupying an intermediate position in the EU-28 to being the sixth country with the highest occupational segregation between men and women.
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    Características sociales y de género en el ámbito de contagio de COVID-19 en una región mediterránea
    (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2022-12-19) Soriano López, Jesús; Salmerón Martínez, Diego; García Pina, Rocío; Humberto Gómez, Jesús; Sánchez Rodríguez, Inés; Ballesta Ruiz, Mónica; Chirlaque López, María Dolores; Ciencias Sociosanitarias; Facultad de Enfermería
    BACKGROUND // Knowledge of social and gender determinants, which influence the places where people are exposed to COVID-19, may be relevant in the development of preventive and control strategies. The aim of this paper was to determine the context in which COVID-19 cases were infected (household, work/labor, health, social-health, and social-leisure settings) according to country of origin,occupational social class and gender, which is essential in order to designing public health strategies. METHODS // A cross-sectional study of an epidemiological registry of 56,628 COVID-19 incident cases was made, whose exposure/contagion setting was studied according to the previous variables from June 15 to December 23, 2020, in the Region of Murcia (Spain). An exact Fisher test was used to study the distribution of COVID-19 cases based on the above variables. RESULTS // The cumulative incidence was higher in people from Africa (5,133.5 cases/100,000 inhabitants) and Latin America (11,351.1) than in non-immigrants (3,145.7). It was also higher in women (3,885.6) than in men (3,572.6). It is noteworthy, that 53.3% of the cases with employment were workers in industry or construction, artisans, agricultural workers, or elementary occupations. In contrast, during the second semester of 2020, 41.3% of the employed population in the Region of Murcia performed such jobs. The household was the main exposure setting (56.5% of cases with a known setting), followed by social-leisure (20.7%) and work/labor (18.2%). The labor settings were more important in immigrants from Africa (28.4%) and Latin America (35.7%) than in non-immigrants (12%), inversely to social-leisure settings. Labor context was more important in women (19.6%) than in men (16.5%) and in manual workers (44.1%) than in non-manual workers (26.6%). CONCLUSIONS // The context in which COVID-19 cases were infected is different according to social inequalities related to country of origin, gender and occupational social class.