Browsing by Subject "Nicotinamide"

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    NAD+ precursors and intestinal inflammation: therapeutic insights involving gut microbiota
    (MDPI, 2023-06-30) Niño-Narvión, Julia; Rojo-López, Marina Idalia; Martinez-Santos, Patricia; Rossell, Joana; Ruiz Alcaraz, Antonio José; Alonso, Núria; Ramos-Molina, Bruno; Mauricio, Didac; Julve, Josep; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultad de Biología
    The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical metabolite for living cells. NAD+ may act either as a cofactor for many cellular reactions as well as a coenzyme for different NAD+-consuming enzymes involved in the physiological homeostasis of different organs and systems. In mammals, NAD+ is synthesized from either tryptophan or other vitamin B3 intermediates that act as NAD+ precursors. Recent research suggests that NAD+ precursors play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier. Indeed, its deficiency has been associated with enhanced gut inflammation and leakage, and dysbiosis. Conversely, NAD+-increasing therapies may confer protection against intestinal inflammation in experimental conditions and human patients, with accumulating evidence indicating that such favorable effects could be, at least in part, mediated by concomitant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, the mechanisms by which NAD+-based treatments affect the microbiota are still poorly understood. In this context, we have focused specifically on the impact of NAD+ deficiency on intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in animal and human models. We have further explored the relationship between NAD+ and improved host intestinal metabolism and immunity and the composition of microbiota in vivo. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to provide a new perspective on the effect of NAD+-increasing strategies on host intestinal physiology.
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    Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase upregulation correlates with tumour differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Emanuelli, Monica; Santarelli, Andrea; Sartini, Davide; Ciavarella, Domenico; Rossi, Valentina; Pozzi, Valentina; Rubini, C.; Lo Muzio, L.
    We investigated expression levels of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme involved in the biotransformation of many drugs and xenobiotic compounds, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Measurements were performed by immunohistochemistry and the relationship between tumour characteristics and NNMT levels in OSCC was studied to evaluate the effectiveness of NNMT as a prognostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. In conclusion, the present study suggests that NNMT may have potential as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target for OSCC.