Browsing by Subject "Nephrotoxicity"

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    A comparison of BGM and LLC-PK1 cells for the evaluation of nephrotoxicity
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2011-09-22) Tagliati, Carlos A.; Romero García, Diego; Dutra, Elisabete C.R.; Hernández-García, Alejandro; Martínez-López, Emma; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Nephrotoxicity is one of the most frequent effects observed after the use of medicine. Such situations have been tardily discovered because of existing methods to determine toxicity. The validation of sensitive, alternative methods for the early identification of toxic effects is as important as restrictions on the use of animals. In this light, the present study evaluated the effects of gentamicin on BGM and LLC-PK1 cells, using MTT and Neutral Red (NR). Although the LLC-PK1 cell line is used for toxicological studies, the BGM cell line is relatively new for this purpose. MTT (BGM: EC50=6.29mM; LLC-PK1: EC50=8.01mM) was found to be more sensitive than NR (EC50 was greater than 10mM for both cells). By using MTT, both cells demonstrated the involvement of mitochondria in a manner that was dose dependent, with an apoptotic process occurring at the concentrations of 1 and 3mM and necrosis at concentrations above 4mM. It could, therefore, be concluded that 1) BGM appears to be useful in the study of the mechanism of nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin and 2) because of its sensitivity to MTT, in addition to its ease of manipulation, it is believed that the BGM cell line can also be used as an alternative method to evaluate nephrotoxicity.
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    Dietary aluminium and renal failure in the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2004) Haynes, J.I.; Askew, M.J.; Leigh, C.
    The study investigated the link between the potentially nephrotoxic levels of aluminium ingested in the natural diet of eucalypt leaves by koalas in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, and the high incidence of renal failure in koalas within this habitat. Routine histology of kidney specimens revealed no pathologies at the light microscopic level and contrasted sharply with the clinical signs of renal failure. However staining with solochrome azurine and Perl’s Prussian blue showed aluminium was present in some proximal convoluted tubules in all specimens. Aluminium was also found in bone samples. The presence of aluminium in bone and kidney tissues was confirmed using electron dispersive x-ray analysis with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes, including a decrease in lysosomal numbers, were seen in proximal convoluted tubules and these changes were shown to coincide with the presence of aluminium. No aluminium was found in koalas that died from causes other than renal failure. It was concluded that renal failure in the koalas of the Adelaide Hills is characterised by the presence of aluminium in the kidneys and bone and it is probably related to the high levels of aluminium in their restricted diet of eucalypt leaves. However, it is not known if the presence of aluminium is the cause or effect of the renal failure. The study is the first account where aluminium ingested as part of the natural diet of mammals has been shown to accumulate in the animal and be implicated with nephrotoxicity.
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    The flavonoid 6-hydroxyflavone prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2020) Din, Zia Ud; Farooq, Syed Umer; Shahid, Muhammad; Alghamdi, Osama; Al Hamoudi, Nawwaf; Vohra, Fahim; Abduljabbar, Tariq
    In this study, the flavonoid, 6-hydroxy- flavone was investigated for its renal protective activity in the cisplatin rat model of nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were included in the study. 6-Hydroxyflavone was daily administered at 25 and 50 mg/kg (i.p.), while ascorbic acid was used as a positive control and injected (i.p.) at 50 mg/kg for 15 days. The nephrotoxicity was evoked with a single cisplatin injection at 7.5 mg/kg on the tenth day of treatment. The renal function and levels of oxidative stress markers were assessed. Each tissue slide of different groups was observed under a compound microscope attached with a digital camera. Cisplatin significantly decreased the overall body weight with an increase in serum creatinine and urea and production of severe histopathological and oxidative stress in the kidneys. The daily treatment with 6-hydroxyflavone significantly attenuated the cisplatin associated detrimental changes in the body weight, and serum levels of creatinine and urea at both 25 mg/kg (P<0.05) and 50 mg/kg (P<0.01). The 6-hydroxyflavone treatment also preserved the renal histoarchitecture from the toxicological influence of cisplatin as evident from a significant reduction in the severity of histopathological changes in the renal tissues. Moreover, 6- hydroxyflavone also reduced the cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and corrected the renal antioxidant status. A similar protective effect was observed with the positive control, ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg). These findings show that the flavonoid 6-hydroxyflavone has potential nephroprotective properties and can be used for the management of chemotherapy associated renal disturbances.