Browsing by Subject "Nematodes"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Are Anthelminthic Treatments of Captive Ruminants Necessary?
    (MDPI, 2021-10-18) Lahat, Liron; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Tizzani, Paolo; Ibáñez, Belén; Valera, Francisco; Moreno, Eulalia; Espeso, Gerardo; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Sanidad Animal
    Anthelmintics are frequently administered to animals to limit fecal egg elimination, so that wild animals in captive breeding programs are treated to maintain a proper health condition. This is effective from a health management perspective, but on the other hand, it could prevent captive animals from developing an effective immunity against parasites that they might encounter when reintroduced into their original geographic areas. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of parasite infections in captive Cuvier’s gazelles (Gazella cuvieri) not treated with anthelmintics for two years and to evaluate the factors related to their fecal egg shedding. Fifteen one-year-old males were enclosed together and captured monthly to collect feces directly from the rectum. Fecal egg counts were performed, and eggs were classified as strongylid-like, Nematodirus sp., or Trichuris sp. Fecal egg shedding for the three groups of parasites did not vary significantly over the duration of the study. Only precipitation affected the egg-shedding pattern of all parasites, while inbreeding was positively associated with the number of strongylid-like parasites. These findings suggest an equilibrium between hosts and parasites in absence of treatment during the study. The anthelmintic treatment as a systematic prophylaxis method in captive animals should be avoided and replaced by systematic coprological and clinical vigilance, as well as targeted treatment in the case of a significant rise of fecal egg counts
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    Biodiversity of insect-parasitic nematodes in soil pest insect (Orthoptera, Gryllidae and Gryllotalpidae) in wheat fields of Buenos Aires, Argentina
    (Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2011) Camino, Nora Beatriz; Achinelly, María Fernanda
    This work was conducted in wheat fields of the Argentine pampas providing an extensive list of nematodes of soil pest insects. Adults and nymphs of crickets and mole crickets, were found parasited by nematodes. Twenty-four nematode species from six families were registered. Thelastomatid nematodes were the most numerous group while Pseudonimidae, Travassosinematidae and Diplogasteridae families were the least represented. The Pampean region constituted an area with high diversity of nematodes associated with insects and some of them, could be considered as biocontrol agents of troublesome insect pests within the agricultural areas of Argentina.
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    First description of gastrointestinal nematodes of Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia): the case of Camelostrongylus mentulatus as a paradigm of phylogenic and specific relationship between the parasite and its ancient host
    (Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2013-04-25) Mayo, Elvira; Ortiz, Juana; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Garijo, M. Magdalena; Espeso, Gerardo; Hervías, Sandra; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Sanidad Animal
    The gastrointestinal helminth fauna of 24 Barbary sheep or Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia sahariensis) maintained in the Parque de Rescate de la Fauna Sahariana (PRFS, CSIC, Almeria, Spain) was analyzed. Most animals (87.5 %) were parasitized, and multiple infections were highly present. The following species were identified: Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Marshallagia marshalli, Ostertagia ostertagi, O. leptospicularis, O. lyrata, Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia trifurcata, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, T. colubriformis, T. probolorus, T. capricola, Nematodirus spathiger, N. abnormalis, N. filicollis, N. helvetianus, Trichuris spp. and Skrjabinema ovis. Teladorsagia circumcincta was the most prevalent nematode in abomasum (52.6 %) followed by C. mentulatus (50 %). However, this latter nematode had the greater mean intensity and abundance. In the small intestine, T. colubriformis and T. vitrinus had the highest prevalence (36.4 %); the last one showed also the greater mean intensity and abundance. It should be emphasized the presence of Skrjabinema ovis (prevalence 39.1 %) in the large intestine, showing the greater mean abundance and intensity, although with a low values. Camelostrongylus mentulatus could be the most primitive nematode of the family trichostrongylidae recovered in this study; attending to its high prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity, the possible specificity between this parasite and the Aoudad is discussed.
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    First report of Trichostrongylus probolurus (Railliet, 1896) Loos, 1905 (Nematoda:Trychostrongyloidea) in Spain
    (Asociación de Parasitólogos Españoles, 2000-12-01) Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Goyena Salgado, Marina; Sanidad Animal
    The gastrointestinalnematode Trichostrongylus probolurus has been identifiedin gazelles(Gazella dorcas and G. dama mhorr) in the Estaci6n Experimental de Zonas Aridas (e.S.I.e., Almerfa).This is the first report of the presence of the parasite both in G. dama mhorr and in Spain.
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    Molecular identification of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium larvae incommercial cephalopods from the Spanish Mediterranean coast
    (Elsevier, 2016-04-15) Picó-Durána, Gabriela; Pulleiro-Potela, Lorena; Abolloc, Elvira; Pascual, Santiago; Muñoz, Pilar; Sanidad Animal
    This study aims to investigate the occurrence of nematode larvae in commercial cephalopods in theWestern Mediterranean Sea. A total of 202 animals comprising 123 broadtail shortfin squid (Illex coinde-tii), 34 European squid (Loligo vulgaris) and 45 common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) were examined usingenzymatic digestion. A total of 31 larvae were isolated (prevalence: 14.6%) and identified using molecularanalyses which included PCR and sequencing of the ITS (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2) region. Phylogenetic treeinferred from ITS sequences yielded supported relationships for Anisakis (P: 12.2%) and Hysterothylaciumspecies (P: 4.1%). All parasites were found parasitizing I. coindetii and, as expected, A. pegreffii presentedthe highest prevalence (11.4%). A. physeteris was also found with a lower prevalence (1.6%) but confirmingthe role of the broadtail shortfin squid as paratenic host and, its potential host for anisakidosis transmis-sion. A hybrid larva between Anisakis simplex and A. pegreffi was also identified. All Anisakis larvae werefound within the visceral cavity; in contrast most of the Hysterothylacium larvae were isolated from themantle. A significant correlation was found between total nematode prevalence and depth, explained bythe presence of larger broadtail shortfin squids inhabiting deeper depths. Therefore, the results obtainedin the present study improve the knowledge of the occurrence of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium species inthe I. coindetii from the Spanish Mediterranean Sea highlighting the importance of considering I. coindetiias a potential hazard for humans if it is consumed raw or not well cooked and the need of further researchin other cephalopods.
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    Oral administration of mebendazole failed to reduce nematode egg shedding in captive African gazelles
    (AOSIS Publishing, 2000-11-24) Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Abaigar, Teresa; Garijo, M. Magdalena; Espeso, Gerardo; Cano, Mar; Sanidad Animal
    Idiosyncracies are observed in captive wild animals as regards the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of anthelmintics. This could be attributed to such factors as differences in host's metabolism, irregular distribution of anthelmintics due to the way they are administered and worm resistance to anthelmintics. Previously mebendazole was found to be poorly effective when administered in feed. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mebendazole when administered at the dosage rate of 15-20 mg/kg body weight to gastrointestinal nematodes in captive gazelles. Fifty-eight adult gazelles (Gazella cuvien) were divided into four groups: T1 (animals dosed orally, directly into the mouth), T2 (treated orally, mixed in the water of a herd), T3 (treated orally, mixed in the water of one animal), and T4 (not treated). Individual faecal samples were taken before treatment, and 15 days thereafter. Mean percentages of reduction of egg shedding were calculated for Nematadirus spp., other trichostrongyles, total trichostrongylids, Trichuris spp. and total nematodes. No statistically significant differences were detected between the treatment groups and the control group or among the animals in the three treatment groups
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    Output of gastrointestinal nematode eggs in the feces of captive gazelles (Gazella dama mhorr, Gazella cuvieri and Gazella dorcas neglecta) in a semiarid region of southeastern Spain
    (American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2006-09-01) Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Abaigar, Teresa; Goyena, Marina; Garijo Toledo, María Magdalena; Espeso, Gerardo; Cano, Mar; Sanidad Animal
    Feces from 62 captive African gazelles, including Mhorr gazelles (Gazella dama mhorr), Cuvier’s gazelles (Gazella cuvieri), and Dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas neglecta), were examined over the course of a year to quantitate nematode egg excretion patterns. Strongyloides sp. eggs appeared only in G. dama during the rainy season. Trichostrongylidae egg excretion showed a marked seasonal variation, with very low levels during the dry and hot period, a finding that is probably attributable to hypobiosis of the predominant species (Camelostrongylus mentulatus). Eggs of the Nematodirus sp., predominantly Nematodirus spathiger, were excreted throughout the year. No seasonal pattern was observed in Trichuris sp. egg excretion.