Browsing by Subject "Mutualism"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Efecto de la temperatura sobre la microbiota del insecto comestible acheta domesticus
    (Facultad de Veterinaria y el Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2023) Beltran Soro, Leonardo; Bravo Peña, Yolanda; Galián Albadalejo, Jose
    La microbiota de los insectos desempeña funciones esenciales en el metabolismo de los mismos, contribu-yendo al correcto funcionamiento del sistema inmune y favoreciendo la digestión. La especie de grillo Acheta do-mesticus ha sido recientemente autorizada para consumo humano. La producción masiva de esta especie implica grandes costes energéticos en la zona de cría, por lo que variaciones en la temperatura de la sala pueden suponer un importante ahorro en el coste de producción. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de la tempe-ratura en la composición de la microbiota intestinal, planteándose la hipótesis de que los cambios de temperatura afectan a la microbiota de insectos ectotermos. Para ello se seleccionaron dos grupos de grillos en cajas separadas y se les sometió a temperaturas de 20 ºC y 30 ºC respectivamente. Posteriormente se les extrajo el intestino y se cuantificaron sus poblaciones bacterianas mediante técnicas metagenómicas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los taxones más abundantes apenas variaron en todas las muestras. La abundancia relativa de bacterias perte-necientes al filo Firmicutes fue de 31,5 ± 2,06 %, en Bacteroidetes 24,25 ± 3,89 % y en Proteobacteria 44 ± 4,85 %. La única muestra que mostró diferencia fue la criada a 30ºC, en la que se detectó un 0,8% de Actinobacteria. Al cuantificar estas poblaciones se observó que la mayor parte de la microbiota en todas las muestras es similar a nivel taxonómico de filo y nivel de clase, excepto a la temperatura de 30 ºC en la que se detecta un pequeño porcentaje de Actinobacterias. En conclusión, se podría decir que la temperatura de cría de las granjas de grillos ha influido ligeramente en la composición de la microbiota intestinal, por lo que se acepta la hipótesis inicial.Se ha observado una alta mortalidad en la muestra mantenida a 30ºC, lo que sugiere que este factor debe ser cuidadosamente considerado en la cría masiva de grillos
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Impact of habitat loss on the diversity and structure of ecological networks between oxyurid nematodes and spur-thighed tortoises (Testudo graeca L.)
    (PeerJ, 2019) Benítez-Malvido, Julieta; Giménez Casalduero, Andrés; Graciá, Eva; Rodríguez-Caro, Roberto Carlos; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Siliceo-Cantero, Héctor Hugo; Traveset, Anna; Sanidad Animal
    Habitat loss and fragmentation are recognized as affecting the nature of biotic interactions, although we still know little about such changes for reptilian herbivores and their hindgut nematodes, in which endosymbiont interactions could range from mutualistic to commensal and parasitic. We investigated the potential cost and benefit of endosymbiont interactions between the spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca L.) and adult oxyurid nematodes (Pharyngodonidae order Oxyurida) in scrublands of southern Spain. For this, we assessed the association between richness and abundance of oxyurid species with tortoises’ growth rates and body traits (weight and carapace length) across levels of habitat loss (low, intermediate and high). Furthermore, by using an intrapopulation ecological network approach, we evaluated the structure and diversity of tortoise–oxyurid interactions by focusing on oxyurid species infesting individual tortoises with different body traits and growth rates across habitats. Overall, tortoise body traits were not related to oxyurid infestation across habitats. Oxyurid richness and abundance however, showed contrasting relationships with growth rates across levels of habitat loss. At low habitat loss, oxyurid infestation was positively associated with growth rates (suggesting a mutualistic oxyurid–tortoise relationship), but the association became negative at high habitat loss (suggesting a parasitic relationship). Furthermore, no relationship was observed when habitat loss was intermediate (suggesting a commensal relationship). The network analysis showed that the oxyurid community was not randomly assembled but significantly nested, revealing a structured pattern for all levels of habitat loss. The diversity of interactions was lowest at low habitat loss. The intermediate level, however, showed the greatest specialization, which indicates that individuals were infested by fewer oxyurids in this landscape, whereas at high habitat loss individuals were the most generalized hosts. Related to the latter, connectance was greatest at high habitat loss, reflecting a more uniform spread of interactions among oxyurid species. At an individual level, heavier and larger tortoises tended to show a greater number of oxyurid species interactions. We conclude that there is an association between habitat loss and the tortoise–oxyurid interaction. Although we cannot infer causality in their association, we hypothesize that such oxyurids could have negative, neutral and positive consequences for tortoise growth rates. Ecological network analysis can help in the understanding of the nature of such changes in tortoise–oxyurid interactions by showing how generalized or specialized such interactions are under different environmental conditions and how vulnerable endosymbiont interactions might be to further habitat loss.