Browsing by Subject "Molecular"

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    Molecular and immunohistochemical markers in appendiceal mucinous neoplasms: A systematic review and comparative analysis with ovarian mucinous neoplasms and colorectal adenocarcinoma
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2025) Elsayed, Basel; Elshoeibi, Amgad Mohamed; Elhadary, Mohamed; Al Jubouri, Abdullah M.; Al Qahtani, Noof; Vranic, Semir; Al Saad, Rafify
    Introduction. Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) represent a rare and diagnostically challenging group of tumors. This systematic review aims to summarize the reported molecular and immunohistochemical markers (IHC) associated with AMNs and compare them with ovarian mucinous neoplasms (OMNs) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC). Methods. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE/PMC, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies looking at IHC and molecular markers in AMNs. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were utilized to compare the marker expression across different tumor types. Results. We identified 27 articles reporting several potential biomarkers for distinguishing between different subtypes of AMNs. Mutations in KRAS, GNAS, and RNF43 emerged as notable biomarkers, with KRAS mutations being the most prevalent across all subtypes. Additionally, p53 IHC overexpression was associated with higher tumor grades. When comparing AMNs with OMNs, we observed a higher prevalence of CK20, CDX2, SATB2, and MUC2 IHC expression, as well as KRAS and GNAS mutations, in AMNs. Conversely, CK7 and PAX8 IHC expression were more prevalent in OMNs. Comparing AMNs with CRCs, we found a higher prevalence of TOPO1 and PTEN IHC expression, as well as KRAS and GNAS mutations, in AMNs. Conversely, nuclear β-catenin IHC expression, as well as TP53, APC, and PIK3CA mutations, were more prevalent in CRCs. Conclusion. This systematic review identified possible markers for distinguishing AMNs and differentiating between AMNs, OMNs, or CRCs.
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    Molecular pathology of adenoid cystic carcinoma
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Histología e Histopatología, 2025) Wei Shuanzeng; Pei Jianming; Zhang Paul J.L.; Biología Celular e Histología
    Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a slow-growing but locally aggressive salivary gland tumor. ACC is composed of ductal/tubular epithelial cells and basal/myoepithelial cells, which form cribriform, tubular, and solid growth patterns in variable combinations and dominance. ACC from different anatomic sites have similar morphological, molecular, and genetic changes. The key molecular alteration in ACC is chromosomal fusion/rearrangement/trans-location involving MYB or MYBL1, usually with NFIB as a fusion partner. In this review, we summarize the pathology and molecular alterations in ACC and their clinical significance
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    Predictive pathology in routine diagnostics of solid tumors
    (F. Hernandez y JuanF. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2012) Lassmann, Silke; Werner, Martin
    For decades, macroscopic and microscopic analysis of human tissue specimens by pathologists has been the basis for disease classification. In recent years, there has been an increasingly better understanding of molecular alterations underlying the pathogenesis of cancers as well as the establishment and integration of novel molecular analyses into a histomorphological-based workflow. This has dramatically extended the possibilities of diagnostic pathology - from its descriptive role to a clinical advisory role on cancer classification including prognostic and predictive molecular pathological information. This review will focus on the recent developments of molecular pathological techniques and the current tools and applications of predictive pathology in view of targeted therapies in solid cancers.