Browsing by Subject "Micronuclei"

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    Chemical Genoprotection:reducing biological damage To as Low As Reasonable Achievable Levels (ALARA)
    (2014-06-28) Alcaraz, Miguel; Armero, David; Martínez Beneyto, Yolanda; Castillo, Julian; Benavente-García, Obdulio; Fernandez, Hermógenes; Alcaraz-Saura, Manuel; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant substances present in the human diet with an antimutagenic protective capacity against genotoxic damage induced by exposure to X-rays in an attempt to reduce biological damage to as low a level as reasonably possible. Methods: Ten compounds were assessed using the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) cytome test. The compounds studied were added to human blood at 25 μM 5 min before exposure to irradiation by 2 Gy of X-rays. Results: The protective capacity of the antioxidant substances assessed was from highest to lowest according to the frequency of the MN generated by X-ray exposure: rosmarinic acid = carnosic acid = δ-tocopherol = l-acid ascorbic = apigenin = amifostine (P < 0.001) > green tea extract = diosmine = rutin = dimetylsulfoxide (P < 0.05) > irradiated control. The reduction in genotoxic damage with the radiation doses administered reached 58%, which represents a significant reduction in X-ray-induced chromosomal damage (P < 0.001). This degree of protection is greater than that obtained with amifostine, a radioprotective compound used in radiotherapy and which is characterised by its high toxicity. Conclusion: Several antioxidant substances, common components of the human diet and lacking toxicity, offer protection from the biological harm induced by ionizing radiation. Administering these protective substances to patients before radiological exploration should be considered, even in the case of small radiation doses and regardless of the biological damage expected.
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    Efecto genotóxico de diferentes tipos de radiaciones ionizantes utilizadas en exploraciones de radiodiagnostico médico y medicina nuclear
    (2015-02-25) Navarro Fernández, José Luis; Alcaraz Baños, Miguel; Facultad de Medicina
    Se estudia la inducción de micronúcleos (MN) en linfocitos humanos con Bloqueo Citocinético (CB) en diferentes situaciones para establecer la existencia de una relación dosis-respuesta entre la exposición a la radiación ionizante y la frecuencia de aparición de MN. Se pretende determinar el límite inferior de la dosis de radiación que resulta posible estimar con este test y discutir la utilidad práctica del test de MN con CB como dosimetría biológica y estimar si existe un posible efecto lesivo de la radiación ionizante empleada en Radiodiagnóstico Médico y en Medicina Nuclear. Existe un incremento significativo de MN tras la irradiación que suponen las exploraciones en los pacientes estudiados en Radiadiagnóstico médico y en los sometidos a tratamiento ablativo con 131I, comparados con los valores controles obtenidos de los mismos pacientes previos al procedimiento radiológico (p 0,01). No se aprecia un incremento significativo de MN tras la irradiación que suponen las exploraciones diagnóticas en los pacientes estudiados en Medicina NuclearInduction of micronuclei (MN) was studied in human lymphocytes with cytogenetic Block (CB) in different situations to establish the existence of a dose-response relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and the frequency of MN. It is intended to determine the lower limit of radiation dose possible to estimate with this test and discuss the practical utility of the test MN with CB as biological dosimetry and assess whether there is a possible harmful effect of ionizing radiation used in Radiology Medical and Nuclear Medicine. There is a significant increase in MN after irradiation explorations involving patients studied in Radiodiagnostic and those undergoing ablative therapy with 131I, compared with control values obtained from the same patients prior to radiological procedure (p 0.01 ). A significant increase in MN after irradiation in the patients studied in Nuclear Medicine is not appreciated.