Browsing by Subject "Malnutrition"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Nutrición enteral en el paciente crítico. Causas de la inadecuación entre lo indicado y lo recibido.
    (Murcia : Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2005) Ilari, Silvia
    Presentamos el resultado de un estudio prospectivo de datos obtenidos durante 30 días en pacientes críticos con Nutrición Enteral (NE), sobre la adecuación de la misma, valorando los objetivos de la NE en estos pacientes, al analizar las causas o factores que inciden o condicionan la continuidad de este tratamiento. Se describen las posibles causas que recomiendan su interrupción, tras los resultados obtenidos con la muestra objeto de nuestro estudio. En nuestra experiencia y a los efectos de evaluar la incidencia de estos factores, se analizaron los objetivos calóricos y proteicos estimados para un grupo de pacientes críticos, el volumen indicado de NE y el realmente recibido por los pacientes.
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    Protein-energy malnutrition alters histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the bone marrow and decreases haematopoiesis in adult mice
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Xavier, J.G.; Favero, M.E.; Vinolo, M.A.R.; Rogero, M.M.; Dagli, M.L.Z.; Arana-Chavez, V.E.; Borojevic, R.; Borelli, P.
    Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) decreases resistance to infection by impairing a number of physiological processes, including haematopoiesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microanatomical aspects of bone marrow (BM) in mice that were subjected to PEM, in particular, with respect to the components of the local extracellular matrix and the proliferative activity of haematopoietic cells. For this, histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques were used. Two-month old male Swiss mice were fed with a low-protein diet containing 4% protein and control mice fed a 20% protein diet. When the experimental group had attained a 25% loss of their original body weight, we collected the different biological samples. Malnourished mice had presented severe BM atrophy as well as a reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen and gelatinous degeneration. The malnourished mice had more fibronectin accretion in paratrabecular and endosteal regions and more laminin deposition in perisinusal sites than controls. Endosteal cell activation and hyperplasia were found, suggesting their participation in the process. Additionally, we have observed a decrease in the capacity of malnourished haematopoietic stroma to support the growth of haematopoietic stem cells (CD34+) in vitro. These findings point to a structural impairment of the haematopoietic microenvironments in mice with PEM, possibly hampering the interactions between cells and cellular signalling.
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    Skeletal muscle fibre plasticity in response to selected environmental and physiological stimuli
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2009) Matsakas, Antonios; Patel, Ketan
    Skeletal muscle constitutes a highly adaptable and malleable tissue that responds to environmental and physiological challenges by changing its phenotype in terms of size and composition, outcomes that are brought about by changes in gene expression, biochemical and metabolic properties. Both the short- and long-term effects of nutritional alterations on skeletal muscle homeostasis have been defined as the object of intensive research over the last thirty years. This review focuses predominantly on assimilating our understanding of the changes in muscle fibre phenotype and functional properties induced by either food restriction or alternatively existing on a high fat diet. Firstly, food restriction has been shown in a number of studies to decrease the myofibre cross sectional area and consistently, it has been found that glycolytic type IIB fibres are more prone to atrophy than oxidative fibres. Secondly, in rodents, a high fat diet has been shown to induce an oxidative profile in skeletal muscle, although obese humans usually show higher numbers of glycolytic type IIB fibres. Moreover, attention is paid to the effect of prenatal maternal food restriction on muscle development of the offspring in various species. A key point related to these experiments is the timing of food restriction for the mother. Furthermore, we explore extensively the seemingly species-specific response to maternal malnutrition. Finally, key signalling molecules that play a pivotal role in energy metabolism, fibre type transitions and muscle hypertrophy are discussed in detail.