Browsing by Subject "Longitudinal study"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Effects of early reading and writing intervention on Spanish school children
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) González Valenzuela, María José; Martín Ruiz, Isaías
    The aim of this paper is to analyse the reading and writing achievement of Spanish school children following an intervention conducted at an early age. The purpose of the intervention is to prioritise and systematise instruction in the alphabetic principles, phonological awareness, reading fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension. The sample consists of 126 subjects, distributed between an instructed group(n=62) and an uninstructed group (n=64). All the subjects were from average socio-cultural areas, with normal intelligence and with no physical, mental, and/or sensory deficits. Subjects were evaluated from the second year of Early Years Education (4 years of age) up to the first year of Primary Education (six years of age). The design was longitudinal with repeated measurements (four assessments), three intervention phases, two study variables (reading achievement and writing achievement), and two groups of subjects. Descriptive statistical analysis and repeated measures analyses of variance were performed. The results obtained indicate higher scores in reading and writing throughout all the assessments and significantly greater progress in the instructed group. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of early intervention in written language through systematic instruction in phonological awareness, the alphabetic principles, reading fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension
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    Frailty transitions and associated clinical outcomes in patients with stable COPD: A longitudinal study
    (2020-04-03) Bernabeu Mora, Roberto; Oliveira Sousa, Silvana Loana de; Sánchez Martínez, Piedad; García Vidal, José Antonio; Gacto Sánchez, Mariano; Medina Mirapeix, Francesc; Fisioterapia
    Background: Although frailty is a frequent occurrence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, evidence on the frequency of frailty transition is scarce. Aims: The present study aimed to describe the frailty status transition rates over a 2-year period and their associated clinical outcomes in stable COPD patients, and to determine predictors of improvement in frailty status. Methods: We prospectively included 119 patients with stable COPD (mean age ± SD, 66.9 ± 7.9 years) over a follow-up period of 2 years. Frailty was assessed using the Fried criteria (unintentional weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, low activity level, and slow walking speed). Several demographic, clinical, and health-related variables were measured. We calculated the rates for each of the frailty transitions (no change, improvement, or worsening) between baseline and 2 years. Outcomes were compared using one-way analysis of variance and predictors of improvement were identified in multivariate logistic regression. Results: After 2 years of follow-up, 21 (17.6%) patients had an improved frailty status, 14 (11.7%) had worsened, and 84 (70.5%) had maintained the same frailty status. The worsening group (vs no change group) had greater dyspnea (p = 0.013) and disability (p = 0.036) and lower handgrip strength (p = 0.001). In contrast, the improved group (vs no change group) had greater handgrip (p<0.001) and quadriceps strength (p = 0.032). Furthermore, the improved group had greater handgrip strength (p<0.001), quadriceps strength (p = 0.003), physical activity (p = 0.008), and lower disability (p = 0.019) than the worsening group. Additionally, we determined that the 5STS test (≤ 13.6s) and exacerbations (≥ 2) were independent predictors for improvement in frailty status [adjusted OR 9.46, p = 0.058 and adjusted OR 0.12, p = 0.026, respectively]. Conclusions: Frailty is a dynamic process for approximately one-third of patients with stable COPD and transitions in frailty status are associated with significant changes in clinical outcomes. The 5STS and exacerbations were independent predictors of improvement in frailty status.
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    Nuevas formas de participación política en España como elemento central en la construcción de nuevos modelos de ciudadanía: las postconvencionales
    (2021) Santos Jaén, José Manuel; Gracia Ortiz, María Dolores; Santos Jaén, José Manuel; Gracia Ortiz, María Dolores; Economía Financiera y Contabilidad
    El presente artículo pretende establecer un análisis longitudinal de algunos de los modelos de participación política, aquellos susceptibles de un análisis de corte longitudinal a través de los datos de las encuestas del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, aportando una mirada diferente de los mismos y arrojando conclusiones al respecto de las variaciones en las formas de participar y sus repercusiones en los modelos de ciudadanía. A través de dicho análisis se establece la conexión entre los dos principales elementos de interés en este estudio, la participación política, las nuevas formas de participación, denominadas “postconvencionales” y su implicación en los modelos de ciudadanía, nuevos modelos de ciudadanía que generan nuevas formas de implicación en el ámbito de la política. Una mirada que atraviesa el periodo comprendido entre 1980 y 2015, lo que implica un análisis que arranca en los inicios de la democracia y que atraviesa gran parte de la evolución de dicha democracia española, arrojando interesantes conclusiones al respecto de la evolución de las ciudadanías y las interacciones de las mismas en el ámbito de la política.