Browsing by Subject "Leishmaniasis"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Amyloidosis in adrenal glands of hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Novoa, C.; García, P.; Rollán, E.; González, J.L.
    Thirty 10-week-old hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with Leishmania infantum amastigotes and were serially killed after 15,30,45,60,75 and 89-90 days. The adrenal glands of each of them were examined by means of light and electron microscopy. The cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland showed a progressive deposition of amyloid, selectively identified by both optical and ultrastructural techniques. It has been suggested that adrenal amyloidosis during visceral leishmaniasis is directly related to a stimulation of the phagocitary mononuclear system due to the persistence of the antigenic stimulation of the parasite. In addition to these deposits, the presence of inflammatory infiltrates containing lymphocytes, plasmocytes and macrophages with leishmanias confirmed the establishment of leishmaniasis. The deposition of the amyloid fibrils finally leads to the partial destruction of the adrenal parenchyma
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    Brote de Leishmaniasis en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Importancia de las medidas de prevención
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Pérez Roldán, Francisca; Montilla Pérez, Manuel; Muñoz Lomas, Fernando
    Objetivo: Conocer el origen del brote de Leishmaniasis producido en 2009-2014 en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (C.A.M.) y dar a conocer las pautas de prevención. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a través de varias bases de datos utilizando diferentes descriptores relacionados con el brote de Leishmaniasis en la C.A.M. acontecido entre 2009 -2014. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 177 estudios sobre Leishmaniasis, de los cuales 29 estudios analizan aspectos relevantes sobre la Leishmaniasis. Los estudios afirman que la modificación por el ser humano de los grandes paisajes verdes y el avance en la construcción de nuevas autovías y redes de cercanías junto con las condiciones climáticas podrían haber sido relevantes para explicar el comportamiento espacial del brote, contribuyendo a la creación de un ecosistema favorable para la proliferación y estabilización de un nuevo ciclo urbano de Leishmaniasis. La única medida de prevención eficaz es actuar de forma adecuada para evitar la picadura del mosquito. Conclusiones: Cabe destacar que para la creación de un nuevo ciclo urbano de Leishmaniasis podrían haber contribuido factores relevantes como el crecimiento poblacional, la presencia de grandes espacios verdes de reciente construcción periurbana y la construcción de extensas infraestructuras de ferrocarril y carreteras. Aunque se ha trabajado de forma activa y conjunta desde las Autoridades Sanitarias y han disminuido el número de casos, el problema no se ha erradicado, por tanto juega un papel muy importante la difusión y aplicación de las medidas preventivas, siendo esencial que la población conozca cómo debe actuar.
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    Comparative value of microscopy, serology and real time PCR in the diagnosis of asymptomatic canine leishmania infantum infection
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2012) Risueño, J.; Bermejo, E.; Muñoz García, C.I.; Chitimia, I.; Del Río Alonso, Laura; García Martínez, Juan Diego; Fisa, R.; Riera, C.; Martínez Ramírez, A.; Meseguer Meseguer, José María; Murcia, L.; Segovia Hernández, Manuel; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Jiménez Montalbán, Pedro Javier; Facultad de Veterinaria; Facultad de Medicina
    The sensitivity (SE) of cytological examination of spleen and lymphnode smears by optical microscopy (OM), antibody-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) and real-time (rt) PCR (polymerase chain reaction), for diagnosing asymptomatic canine Leishmania infantum infection was investigated in 110 apparently healthy dogs from southeast Spain. The percentage of OM, ELISA and rtPCR positive dogs were 2% (2/110), 27% (26/97) y 67% (39/58), respectively, although the percentage of rtPCR-positive dogs were 35-41% in individual tissues and 9% in blood. The estimated SE (95% confidence interval) of OM relative to the rtPCR and ELISA tests was 5% (0-12) and 8% (0-18), respectively. Results confirm that most apparently healthy dogs from L. infantum endemic areas are infected, that approximately only one third of these infected dogs develop antibodies and that very few have parasite loads that are high enough to allow detection by OM. As a result, the degree of agreement between rtPCR, ELISA and OM for L. infantum diagnosis in subclinnically infected dogs is low.
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    Diagnostic usefulness of immunohistochemical evaluation of CD1a antigen and polyclonal antiLeishmania antibodies in cutaneous Leishmaniasis
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Lopez-Trujillo, Emilio; Gonzàlez-Farré, Mònica; Pujol, Ramon M.; Bellosillo, Beatriz; Fisa, Roser; Riera, Cristina; Alcover, Magdalena; Barranco, Carlos; Martin-Ezquerra, Gemma
    Background. Different immunohistochemical markers to detect amastigotes in cutaneous Leishmaniasis have been proposed with variable diagnostic usefulness. Objectives. To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of immunohistochemical amastigotes identification by specific polyclonal anti-Leishmania antibodies and CD1a expression (clone EP3622) in a series of PCR confirmed cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Materials and methods. Thirty-three skin samples corresponding to PCR confirmed cutaneous Leishmaniasis were included in the study. All samples were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and Giemsa. Moreover, immunohistochemical studies with anti-CD1a and anti-Leishmania antibodies were performed. The patients clinical features and the observed histopathological features were also recorded. Results. From the selected 33 biopsies, Leishmania spp. amastigotes were detected in 48.4% of cases with conventional Hematoxylin-eosin stain and in 57.5% of cases by Giemsa staining. In 31/33 cases, anti-CD1a allowed us to identify parasitic structures, and in 33/33 cases amastigotes were detected with anti-Leishmania antibodies. Concordance between both techniques, antiCD1a and anti-Leishmania, was 94% [CI 95%: (79,8%- 99,3%)]; p value <0.05. The sensitivity of anti-CD1a in comparison with the PCR was 94%, with a positive predictive value of 100%. Two cases of low parasitic index were negative for CD1a immunostaining. In cases with high parasitic index, anti-CD1a stained amastigotes in superficial and deep dermis. Only a few cases were originally diagnosed with the available histological techniques, needing PCR for Leishmania spp. identification. Conclusions. Anti-CD1a antibody seems to be a useful technique to identify amastigotes when PCR and anti-Leishmania antibodies are not available. The sensitivity to detect amastigotes is increased when the CD1a immunostaining is added to the classical Haematoxylin – eosin and Giemsa staining.
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    Histopathological and parasitological investigations of ear healthy skin of dogs naturally and experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Figueiredo, María Marta; Perlatto Moura, Eliane; Costa, Miriam María; Ribeiro, Vitor Marcio; Michalick, Marilene Suzan; Tafuri, Washington Luiz; Tafuri, Wagner Luiz
    Although 90% of clinical cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) occur in the northeastern region of Brazil, the incidence of cases in recent years has increased in southeastern states such as Minas Gerais (MG), where the disease has been reported in several cities, including Belo Horizonte, the state capital. Some studies have shown a strong correlation between the incidence of AVL and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Belo Horizonte. A study of 108 dogs with parasite Leishmania chagasi detected by immunohistochemistry in healthy ear skin was obtained from two distinct geographical areas: 55 from a metropolitan area of the municipality (Santa Luzia, MG) and 53 dogs from a central area of Belo Horizonte. In parallel, a group of 10 beagles were experimentally infected with L. chagasi. Considering the clinical aspects of all naturally infected dogs, symptomatic dogs were more frequent than asymptomatic ones, especially animals from the metropolitan area compared with the central area (79.6% and 20.3%, respectively). A chronic exudate was observed in the ear of 51 out of 55 dogs naturally infected from the metropolitan area (92.7%) and 45 out of 53 dogs naturally infected from the central area (84.9%). Importantly, asymptomatic dogs from the central area harbor more parasites in the skin than the asymptomatic ones from the metropolitan area. In addition, a profound difference was noted in the intensity of the inflammatory reaction and parasite load in the skin of experimental infected dogs.
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    Prevalencia de leishmaniosis canina en perros abandonados del ámbito periurbano de Murcia: evaluación de diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico
    (2017) Ortuño, M; Risueño, J; Muñoz, C; Bernal, A; García-Galán Pérez, Ana; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Ortiz, J; García-Galán Pérez, Ana; Goyena Salgado, Elena
    El presente trabajo investiga la prevalencia y la validez de técnicas de diagnóstico de la Leishmaniosis canina causada por el protozoo Leishmania infantum, en 43 perros abandonados del ámbito periurbano de la Región de Murcia. Esta infección, transmitida por artrópodos flebotominos, cursa en muchos animales de forma asintomática, en los que predomina una respuesta inmunológica celular sin producción de anticuerpos frente al parásito. Los perros se examinaron para detectar síntomas compatibles con la enfermedad, y se tomaron muestras de sangre y tejido linfoide (bazo, ganglio linfático y médula ósea) para analizar la presencia del parásito por microscopía óptica y cultivo in vitro, así como la detección de ADN parasitario mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y de anticuerpos anti-Leishmania en suero mediante la técnica “Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay” (ELISA). El porcentaje de perros con síntomas fue del 16%, y el de resultados positivos a las distintas técnicas diagnósticas fue 37% en la microscopía óptica, 64% a PCR, 25% al cultivo y 40% al ELISA. El porcentaje de muestras positivas a la PCR es similar al descrito en perros asintomáticos de otras zonas endémicas, mientras que el de muestras positivas por microscopía óptica y ELISA fueron superiores al de otras zonas endémicas, incluido un estudio anterior en Murcia. Esto podría deberse a la presencia en este estudio de perros con síntomas y al elevado tiempo dedicado a la observación microscópica de preparaciones de hasta tres tejidos por animal, lo que aumentaría la sensibilidad del diagnóstico. Los resultados de este trabajo corroboran la elevada prevalencia de la Leishmaniosis en el ámbito periurbano de la Región de Murcia y la utilidad de la microscopía en el diagnóstico de la infección como una técnica que, si bien requiere experiencia del observador, es sencilla y económica.
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    Structural and ultrastructural hepatic changes in experimental canine leishmaniasis
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1988) González, J.L.; Rollán, E.; Novoa, C.; Castaño, M.
    Six 4 month-old beagles were inoculated with Leishmania donovani infantum, three of them intraperitoneally (Group A) and the other three intravenously (Group B). The animals from Group A were killed 109, 433 and 592 days after inoculation and animals from Group B 109, 171 and 334 after inoculation. The liver of each of them was examined by means of light and electron microscopy. The lesions observed in both groups were very similar, but developed more rapidly in Group B. A chronic hepatitis appeared due to infection, characterized by the presence of multiple intralobular granulomas and portal inflammatory infiltrates consisting of lymphocytes, plasmocytes and macrophages with a variable number of amastigotes. The Kupffer cells were hyperplastic and contained parasites in their cytoplasm. Gradually the hepatocytes developed a progressive cellular swelling. which during the end-stages of the process showed itself with severe nuclear degeneration, disintegration of cytoplasmic organelles, enlargement of the cytoplasmic matrix and disruption of the plasma membranes, leading to cytolysis.
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    The role of zoological centers as reservoirs of leish-maniosis in urban areas
    (2017) Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Rodríguez-Linde, J. M.; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Risueño, J; Ortiz, J; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés
    SUMMARY A questionnaire to evaluate the importance of Leishmaniosis in zoological centers was designed to gather information about suspected and confirmed clinical cases of the disease. The questionnaire was sent to members of the Iberian Association of Zoos and Aquariums (n=38). Although a limited response (26.32%) was obtained three suspected and three verified cases were reported suggesting Leishmaniosis is a disease of little relevance in zoos. A further study was carried out to analyze the presence and persistence of infected animals and vectors in Oasys zoological center in southeast Spain where a wolf with leishmaniosis was diagnosed eight years before. RealTime PCR from skin biopsies of eight carnivorous was performed and fifty percent (n=4) were positive (three swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and one tiger Panthera tigris). Furthermore, 70 sand flies were captured using castor-oil sticky interception traps and were identified using morphological and DNA barcoding methods as Phlebotumus perniciosus (76.90%), P. papatasi (12.30%), Sergentomyia minuta (7.60%) and P. ariasi (3%). Sand fly abundance was greatest in areas protected from direct sunlight. Our results suggest that animals in zoological centers could be reservoirs of Leishmania spp. However more studies are needed to assess the epidemiological implications of these presumed hosts