Browsing by Subject "Insulin resistance"

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    Glucan-rich polysaccharides obtained from split gill mushroom [Schizophyllum commune (Fr.)] ameliorate hyperglycemia by enhancing insulin and GLUT2 pancreas in type 2 diabetic rats
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2025) Matsathit, Udomlak; Sermwittayawong, Decha; Komolkriengkrai, Manaras; Khimmaktong, Wipapan
    Aims. Abnormalities in the secretion of insulin are the cause of pathology and complications in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of polysaccharide extracts from the split gill mushroom in type 2 diabetes rats administered a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) in combination with a high-fat diet. Methods. The rats were divided into 6 groups: the control group (ND), the control group fed with polysaccharide extract from split gill (ND240), the diabetes group (HFD+DM), the diabetic group fed 120 (HFD+S120) and 240 mg/kg BW polysaccharide extract (HFD+S240), and the diabetic group receiving metformin (HFD+Met). Subsequently, the Islets of Langerhans of pancreatic tissue were studied using a light microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence for the detection of insulin and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also detected in pancreatic tissue. Results. In the diabetic and HFD+120 groups, the tissues harbored various pathologies. The HFD+S240 and HFD+Met groups were found to have lower blood sugar levels. The levels of insulin and GLUT2 increased compared with the diabetic group. Additionally, the levels of MDA were reduced. Conclusions. The use of polysaccharide extract from split gill mushrooms (240 mg/kg BW) is an alternative to treating various pathologies in the relief or treatment of diabetes mellitus
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    Plasma short-chain fatty acid changes after bariatric surgery in patients with severe obesity
    (Elsevier, 2023-01-31) Marıa Antonia, Martínez-Sánchez; Balaguer-Roman, Andrés; Fernández Ruiz, Virginia Esperanza; Almansa-Saura, Sonia; García-Zafra, Victoria; Ferrer Gómez, Mercedes; Frutos Bernal, María Dolores; Queipo-Ortuño, María I.; Ruiz Alcaraz, Antonio José; Nuñez-Sánchez, María A.; Ramos-Molina, Bruno; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultad de Biología
    Background: Obesity has reached epidemic dimensions in recent decades. Bariatric surgery (BS) is one of the most effective interventions for weight loss and metabolic improvement in patients with obesity. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are gut microbiota-derived metabolites with a key role in body weight control and insulin sensitivity. Although BS is known to induce significant changes in the gut microbiota composition, its impact on the circulating levels of certain metabolites produced by the gut microbiota such as SCFA remains poorly understood. Objective: To determine the impact of BS on the circulating SCFA levels in patients with severe obesity. Setting University hospital. Methods: An observational, prospective study was performed on 51 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Plasma samples were collected at baseline (1 day before surgery) and at 6 and 12 months after BS. Plasma SCFA levels were determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: The results revealed significant changes in the circulating levels of SCFA after BS. A marked increase in propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate levels and a decrease in acetate, valerate, hexanoate, and heptanoate levels were observed 12 months after BS. Furthermore, the changes in the levels of propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate negatively correlated with changes in body mass index, while those of isobutyrate correlated negatively with changes in the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index. Conclusion: These results suggest that propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate levels could be related to weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity in patients with severe obesity after BS.
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    SGLT2 inhibition potentiates the cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic effects of sGC stimulation in hypertensive rats with prolonged exposure to high-fat diet
    (American Physiological Society, 2022-02-01) Reverte, Virginia; Rodríguez, Francisca; Oltra, Lidia; Moreno, Juan Manuel; Llinás Más, María Teresa; Shea, Courtney M; Schwartzkopf, Chad D.; Buys, Emmanuel S.; Masferrer, Jaime L.; Salazar, Francisco Javier; Fisiología
    Prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) accelerates the cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic dysfunction in hypertensive rats with altered renal development (ARDev). Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulation or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition may improve cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic function in settings of hypertension and obesity. This study examined whether 6 wk treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor (empagliflozin, 7 mg/kg/day) enhances the cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic effects of a sGC stimulator (praliciguat, 10 mg/kg/day) in hypertensive rats with ARDev and prolonged exposure to HFD. Arterial pressure (AP), renal vascular resistance (RVR), fat abdominal volume (FAV), insulin resistance, leptin and triglycerides levels, and intrarenal infiltration of inflammatory cells were higher, but cardiac output and creatinine clearance were lower in hypertensive rats (n = 15) than in normotensive rats (n = 7). Praliciguat administration (n = 10) to hypertensive rats reduced (P < 0.05) AP, FAV, plasma concentrations of leptin and triglycerides, and increased (P < 0.05) cardiac output and creatinine clearance. Empagliflozin administration (n = 8) only increased (P < 0.05) glucosuria and creatinine clearance and decreased (P < 0.05) plasma leptin and triglycerides concentrations in hypertensive rats. Simultaneous administration of praliciguat and empagliflozin (n = 10) accelerated the decrease in AP, improved glucose tolerance, reduced (P < 0.05) incremental body weight gain, and decreased (P < 0.05) insulin resistance index, RVR, and the infiltration of T-CD3 lymphocytes in renal cortex and renal medulla. In summary, the combined administration of praliciguat and empagliflozin leads to a greater improvement of the cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic dysfunction secondary to prolonged exposure to HFD in hypertensive rats with ARDev than the treatment with either praliciguat or empagliflozin alone.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study, to our knowledge, showing that SGLT2 inhibition potentiates the beneficial cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic effects elicited by sGC stimulation in hypertensive rats with prolonged high-fat diet. The effects of the simultaneous administration of praliciguat and empagliflozin are greater than those elicited by either one alone. The effects of the simultaneous treatment may be related to a greater reduction in the inflammatory status.