Browsing by Subject "Horses"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Automated Spectrophotometric Assays for the Measurement of Ammonia and Bicarbonate in Saliva of Horses: Analytical Validation and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS)
    (MDPI, 2024-02-28) Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto; Llamas-Amor, Eva; Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores; Ayala de la Peña, Ignacio; Martín Cuervo, María; Cerón, José Joaquín; Hansen, Sanni; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    Ammonia (NH3) and bicarbonate (HCO3) have been related to gastric ulcers in humans. Ammonia is considered a possible cause of gastric ulcers, whereas bicarbonate has a protective function. The presence of ulcers in the stomach of horses is defined as Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS), which is a frequent disease in this species, and it has been associated with changes in saliva composition, such as in analytes related to inflammation, immune system and oxidative stress. The objectives of this study were (1) to perform an analytical validation of two automated spectrophotometric assays, one for ammonia and one for bicarbonate, in the horses’ saliva and (2) to evaluate their possible variations with EGUS. Analytical validation of the automated assays for ammonia and bicarbonate in the saliva of horses showed that both assays were precise and accurate. In addition, significantly higher values of ammonia and lower values of bicarbonate were found in the saliva of horses with EGUS compared to healthy horses. It can be concluded that ammonia and bicarbonate can be measured in the saliva of horses and that ammonia increases and bicarbonate decreases in this sample type could be related to the presence of EGUS in this species.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Changes in saliva biomarkers during a standardized increasing intensity field exercise test in endurance horses
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021) Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores; Cerón, J.J.; Muñoz, A.; Ayala de la Peña, Ignacio; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    Salivary biomarkers could be useful to evaluate stress, fitness level, and skeletal muscle damage associ-ated to exercise in horses in an easy and non-painful way. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate if cortisol in saliva (sCor), salivary alpha-amylase (sAMY) and butyrylcholinesterase (sBChE) and lactate (sLA) and creatine kinase (sCK) in saliva of horses can show changes during a standardized exercise test, and if they are related to heart rate variability (HRV) parameters related to sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, fitness level or skeletal muscle damage. For this purpose, ten endurance horses were submitted to a stan-dardized exercise test in field conditions. Saliva and blood were obtained at basal time (TB), after the seven bouts of velocity (T + 01 to T + 07), and 5, 15, 30, and 45 min later (T + 5, T + 15, T + 30, and T+ 45). Five endurance horses in resting condition (control group) were also enrolled. HRV and fitness level parameters, and plasma CK as a marker of muscle damage were also evaluated. Salivaryalpha-amylase increased at T + 30 (P = 0.03), sBChE at T + 5 (P = 008), and sCK at T + 07 (P = 0.009) after the exercise test, with significant differences between the exercise and control groups’ results. The sCor did not show sig-nificant changes during the exercise test in the exercise group but higher concentration compared to the control horses (P < 0.001) were observed. sCor, sAMY, sBChE, and sCK showed a positive correlation (r val-ues between 0.47 and 0.64) with the sympathetic tone and a negative correlation (r values between 0.37 and 0.56) with the parasympathetic tone. In conclusion, sAMY, sBChE, and sCK showed signifi-cant increases in ten endurance horses after an increasing intensity velocity exercise. Values of sCor, sAMY, sBChE, and sCK were associated with HRV, which is used to evaluate stress, and therefore, they could be potentially used to assess the exercise-related stress after a physical effort.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Estudio clínico y morfológico del borde dorsal del cuello en caballos cruzados lusitanos sometidos a ejercicio de alta intensidad en Barranco (Portugal)
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2013) Morales, Abelardo; Méndez, A.; Méndez Angulo, J.; Saldivar, S.; Lamprea, A.; Díaz García, M.
    Se plantea como objetivo un estudio clínico y morfológico del borde dorsal del cuello en caballos cruzados Lusitanos sometidos a ejercicio de alta intensidad en Barranco (Portugal). Fueron estudiados un total de 21 caballos (14 machos castrados y 7 yeguas), con edades comprendidas entre 5-12 años, cruzados de la raza Lusitana en Barranco, Portugal. Los equinos habían sido sometidos a ejercicio de alta intensidad, tiempo y a las mismas condiciones de alimentación y manejo. Se practicó un examen clínico asi como un estudio morfológico considerando condición corporal y peso; por último se midió el perímetro cervical. No se observaron lesiones cervicales a la inspección y palpación, ni deformación del borde dorsal del cuello en ninguno de los casos estudiados. El estudio morfológico evidenció Puntuación 0 y 1.- ningún caballo bajo estas categorías. Puntuación 2.- 12/21 (57%) Puntuación 3.- 9/21 (43%). Puntuación 4 y 5.-ningún caballo bajo estas categorías. Perímetro cervical, el promedio del diámetro del cuello fue de 91.82 cm, el promedio de la longitud del cuello fue de 85.76 cm y el peso fue de 388.19 Kg. Los resultados estadísticos del peso versus el perímetro cervical del cuello presentaron un coeficiente de correlación de 0.403 y para el grado puntuación del cuello obeso y condición corporal fue de 0.272. En conclusión, no se observaron lesiones compatibles con la deformación del borde dorsal del cuello en caballos cruzados Lusitanos.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Measurement of Trace Elements (Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron) in the Saliva of Horses: Validation Data and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS)
    (MDPI, 2024-06-07) Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto; Cerón, José Joaquín; Tecles, Fernando; Cuervo, María Martín; Contreras-Aguilar, Maria Dolores; Ayala de la Peña, Ignacio; Oudada-Guillén, Adrián; Pardo-Marín, Luis; Hansen, Sanni; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible use of spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of trace elements, including Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the saliva of horses and study their possible changes in equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). EGUS is a highly prevalent disease, with a current high incidence due to the increase in intensive management conditions. There are two EGUS diseases: equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), which can appear individually or together. For this purpose, automated spectrophotometric assays for measuring these analytes in horse saliva were analytically validated. Then, these analytes were measured in the saliva of horses with only ESGD, only EGGD, both ESGD and EGGD and a group of healthy horses. The methods used to measure the analytes were precise and accurate. Horses diagnosed with EGGD presented significantly lower levels of Zn and Mg. Fe concentrations were significantly lower in the saliva of horses with ESGD and EGGD. Overall, these results indicate that there are changes in trace elements in saliva in EGUS that could reflect the physiopathological mechanisms involved in this process and open the possibility of using trace elements as biomarkers of this syndrome.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Restricted
    Pharmacokinetics of tildipirosin in horses after intravenous and intramuscular administration and its potential muscle damage
    (Elsevier, 2022-07-23) Galecio Naranjo, Juan Sebastian; Escudero Pastor, Elisa; Badillo Puerta, Elena; Marín Carrillo, Pedro; Farmacología
    Tildipirosin is a novel semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic exclusively used in veterinary practice to treat respiratory infections. There are no pharmacokinetic or safety information available regarding the use of tildipirosin after intramuscular administration in horses. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the disposition kinetics of tildipirosin after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration in horses and its potential muscle damage and cardiotoxicity. Six mature, Spanish-breed horses were used in a crossover study with a washout period of 30 days. Tildipirosin (18%) was administered at single doses by IV (2 mg/kg) and IM (4 mg/kg) routes. Tildipirosin plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC assay with ultraviolet detection. Muscle damage and inflammation were assessed by creatine kinase (CK) and haptoglobin (Hp), respectively. Creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and troponin (Tn) were used to evaluate cardiotoxicity. Tildipirosin in horses reached peak concentrations (Cmax = 1.13 μg/mL) at 0.60 h (tmax) after IM administration with an absolute bioavailability of 109.2%. Steady-state volume of distribution and clearance were 3.31 ± 0.57 L/kg and 0.22 ± 0.02 L/h/kg, respectively. Tildipirosin did not cause cardiotoxicity since CK-MB and Tn basal levels were not significantly different from those obtained after several days post-administration. Mild local reactions were observed after IM administration. This local inflammation was associated with mild myolysis (CK 239–837 UI/L), which was detectable for 48 h. In brief, tildipirosin could help to treat respiratory infections in horses because it showed extensive distribution, high bioavailability and did not provoke general adverse reactions.