Browsing by Subject "Heterogeneous systems"

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    Efficient Data Supply for Parallel Heterogeneous Architectures
    (ACM, 2019-04-26) Ham, T.J.; Aragón, J.L.; Martonosi, M.; Ingeniería y Tecnología de Computadores
    Decoupling techniques have been proposed to reduce the amount of memory latency exposed to high-performance accelerators as they fetch data. Although decoupled access-execute (DAE) and more recent decoupled data supply approaches offer promising single-threaded performance improvements, little work has considered how to extend them into parallel scenarios. This article explores the opportunities and challenges of designing parallel, high-performance, resource-efficient decoupled data supply systems. We propose Mercury, a parallel decoupled data supply system that utilizes thread-level parallelism for high-throughput data supply with good portability attributes. Additionally, we introduce some microarchitectural improvements for data supply units to efficiently handle long-latency indirect loads.
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    Tiny but Mighty: Designing and Realizing Scalable Latency Tolerance for Manycore SoCs
    (ACM and IEEE, 2022-06-18) Orenes-Vera, M.; Manocha, A.; Balkind, J.; Gao, F.; Aragón, J.L.; Wentzlaff, D.; Martonosi, M.; Ingeniería y Tecnología de Computadores
    Modern computing systems employ significant heterogeneity and specialization to meet performance targets at manageable power. However, memory latency bottlenecks remain problematic, particularly for sparse neural network and graph analytic applications where indirect memory accesses (IMAs) challenge the memory hierarchy. Decades of prior art have proposed hardware and software mechanisms to mitigate IMA latency, but they fail to analyze real-chip considerations, especially when used in SoCs and manycores. In this paper, we revisit many of these techniques while taking into account manycore integration and verification. We present the first system implementation of latency tolerance hardware that provides significant speedups without requiring any memory hierarchy or processor tile modifications. This is achieved through a Memory Access Parallel-Load Engine (MAPLE), integrated through the Network-on-Chip (NoC) in a scalable manner. Our hardware-software co-design allows programs to perform long-latency memory accesses asynchronously from the core, avoiding pipeline stalls, and enabling greater memory parallelism (MLP). In April 2021 we taped out a manycore chip that includes tens of MAPLE instances for efficient data supply. MAPLE demonstrates a full RTL implementation of out-of-core latency-mitigation hardware, with virtual memory support and automated compilation targetting it. This paper evaluates MAPLE integrated with a dual-core FPGA prototype running applications with full SMP Linux, and demonstrates geomean speedups of 2.35× and 2.27× over software-based prefetching and decoupling, respectively. Compared to state-of-the-art hardware, it provides geomean speedups of 1.82× and 1.72× over prefetching and decoupling techniques.