DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Heavy metals"

Browsing by Subject "Heavy metals"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

Open Access
Accumulation and tolerance of cadmium in a nonmetallicolous ecotype of Silene vulgaris Garcke (Moench)
(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2014) Ferrer, María Angeles; Almagro Romero, Lorena; Miras Moreno, Begoña; Pedreño García, María Ángeles; Biología Vegetal
En este estudio, se analizó el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de Cd2+ sobre un ecotipo de Silene vulgaris Garcke (Moench). La concentración de 60 μM de Cd2+ provocó una ligera inhibición del crecimiento de las plantas mientras que la concentración más alta (120 μM) redujo drásticamente la biomasa y la elongación de la raíz y los brotes. Además, se detectaron altos niveles de Cd2+ en las plantas, un coeficiente de bioacumulación elevado en las raices y un bajo factor de translocación indicando que el ecotipo de S. vulgaris empleado en este estudio presenta una alta capacidad de acumulación de Cd2+ en las raíces y sería un buen candidato para la fitoestabilización, lo que contribuiría a reducir los niveles de Cd2+ en el suelo. Además, los resultados obtenidos indican que se debe tener precaución con el origen de esta planta, ya que podría representar una fuente adicional de Cd2+ en la dieta humana.
Open Access
Bioconcentration efficiency of Lemna minor L. and Lemna gibba L. for trace metals in three southeastern Bulgarian water reservoirs
(Universidad de Murcia, 2019) Velichkova, Katya Naneva
Eficiencia de bioconcentration de Lemna minor L. and Lemna gibba L. para metales traza en tres embalses del sureste de Bulgaria La lenteja de agua se utiliza en el tratamiento de aguas residuales para eliminar sustancias nocivas, minerales y contaminación orgá- nica. El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar la eficiencia de bioconcentración de metales pesados en Lemna minor y Lemna gibba provenientes de tres embalses del sureste de Bulgaria: el canal de la ciudad de Elhovo, el canal del lago Vaja y el canal del lago Mandra. Se analizaron los contenidos de proteína cruda, lípidos y ceniza en las especies estudiadas de Lemna. Los metales pesados en agua y plantas acuáticas se determinaron con un espectrómetro de absorción atómica (AAS) "A Analyst 800" - Perkin Elmer. Las concentraciones de metales en L. minor y L. gibba mostraron una tendencia descendente: Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni> Cr>Pb>Cd en las tres masas de agua.
Open Access
The bryophyte diaspore bank in soils affected by the Aznalcóllar (Seville, SW Spain) mine disaster
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2003) Ordóñez Sánchez, Alejandro; Cano Bernabé, María Jesús; Guerra Montes, Juan; Biología Vegetal; Facultad de Biología
The tailings dam failure of the pyrite mine in Aznalcóllar released toxic tailings slurries and liquid that contaminated soils and water throug hout the Guadiamar basin. In this study we attempt to ascertain the recovery state of the zone four years after the dam failure, based on a study of the soil diaspore bank and the method of cultivating soil plots and determining the germinated species. Four localities were selected in the middle zone of the basin. Once the plots were established (five in each locality), they were divided into four groups, depending on the culture conditions. Soil samples were also taken for the analysis of heavy metals and edaphic parameters. Data seem to show that four years after the dam failure soils have started a slow recovery and hea vy metal levels are decreasing.
Embargo
Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) topsoil levels and incidence of childhood leukemias
(Springer, 2022) Asenjo, Santiago; Nuñez, Olivier; Segú-Tell, Jordi; Pardo-Romaguera, Elena; Cañete-Nieto, Adela; Martín-Méndez, Iván; Bel-Ian, Alejandro; García-Pérez, Javier; Cárceles-Álvarez, Alberto; Ortega-García, Juan A.; Ramis, Rebeca; Cirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia y Ginecología
There are few well-established risk factors for childhood leukemias. While the frequency of childhood leukemias might be partially attributable to some diseases (accounting for a small fraction of cases) or ionizing radiation, the role of heavy metals has not been assessed. The objective of our study was to assess the potential association between levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (PB) in soil and childhood leukemias incidence. We conducted a population-based case-control study of childhood leukaemia in Spain, covering 2897 incident cases gathered from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumours and including 14 Spanish Regions with a total population of 5,307,433 children (period 1996-2015). Cd and Pb bioavailable levels at every children's home address were estimated using data from the Geochemical Atlas of Spain. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs); we included as covariates: sex, rurality, employment rate and socioeconomic status. Metal levels were analysed according to two definitions: as continuous variable assuming linearity and as categorical variables to explore a potentially nonlinear association (quantiles). Increases in both Cd and Pb topsoil levels were associated with increased probability of childhood leukemias incidence. The results for the models with the continuous variables showed that a unit increase on the topsoil level was associated with an OR of 1.11 for Cd (95%CI 1.00-1.24) and an OR of 1.10 for Pb (95%CI 0.99-1.21). Our study may point towards a possible link between residential Cd and Pb topsoil levels and the probability of childhood leukemias incidence. Residing in a location with the highest concentrations of these heavy metals compared to those locations with the lowest could increase the risk around a 20%, for both Cd and Pb.
Open Access
Concentración de flúor y metales pesados en aguas embotelladas: medidas barrera frente a caries dental y fluorosis
(Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2019-12-17) Gallego Reyes, Sandra María; Martínez Beneyto, Yolanda; Serna Muñoz, Clara; Pérez Silva, Amparo; Aparecido Cury, Jaime; Ortiz Ruiz, Antonio José; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física
Fundamentos: El consumo diario de agua fluorada es una de las medidas mas beneficiosas en la prevención de la caries dental. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el contenido de flúor y metales pesados en el agua mineral natural embotellada disponible en los comercios de España. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal a lo largo de 2019, analizando 20 marcas de aguas embotelladas comercializadas en España en ese año. Se midió principalmente la concentración de flúor (partes por millón/mililitro) (ppm/ml), que fue analizada con un electrodo ion-específico (modelo Orión 96-09, Orion Research, Cambridge) acoplado a un analizador de iones (Orion EA-940). Los metales pesados se analizaron mediante ICP-MS (Agilent modelo 7900). Se realizó un estudio estadístico descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: El valor mínimo de flúor encontrado fue de 0,05 ppm y el máximo de 0,95 ppm. El 80% de las marcas analizadas contenían menos de 0,6 ppm F. Solamente una marca superó las 0,8 ppm F. Cromo y arsénico fueron los metales pesados presentes en todas las marcas, sin superar la dosis máxima. Ninguna marca de agua embotellada indicaba los metales pesados en la etiqueta, y solo una marca indicó la concentración de flúor en la etiqueta. Conclusiones: Existe una gran variabilidad en la composición química de las aguas embotelladas comercializadas en España. La mayoría tienen una concentración de fluoruro inferior a la recomendada para prevenir la caries dental, por lo que se necesitaría un aporte extra de flúor. En las aguas embotelladas analizadas existen metales pesados, pero no superan las dosis máximas establecidas por la legislación.---------------------------
Open Access
Concentration and distribution of macrominerals in tissues of Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to Cd and Cd-mixtures
(Universidad de Valparaiso (Chile), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Naturales, 2021-12-31) García-Navarro, José A.; Vera-Sánchez, Miguel A.; Romero, Diego; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Marine ecosystems are under great pressure due to heavy metals pollution, and mussels remain an important knowledge source in this regard. In this study, Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed for 7 days to Cd and three Cd mixtures (Cd+Pb, Cd+Cu and Cd+Pb+Cu). The accumulation and tissue distribution of inorganic elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S, macrominerals) that are usually not taken into consideration in field studies on in bioassays were evaluated. Regarding concentration, the element which differed the most with respect to the control group was K, while Mg was the only one which showed no significant statistical difference with the control group. The group exposed to ternary mixture was the one in which there were more alterations in concentration and distribution of these macrominerals with respect to control, whereas in the group exposed to single Cd no significant differences in the concentration of these inorganic elements were found. The concentration and distribution of macrominerals in the compartments studied (digestive gland, gill and remaining soft tissues) is susceptible to the presence of Cd and heavy metal Cd-mixtures, with percentages of changes until 28.7%. Study results suggest that macrominerals composition in mussel tissues could be useful in studies of heavy metal contamination in marine ecosystems.
Restricted
Differences in the accumulation and tissue distribution of Pb, Cd, and Cu in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to single, binary, and ternary metal mixtures
(Springer, 2017-01-12) García-Navarro, José A.; Franco, Lorena; Romero, Diego; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Heavy metals often accumulate in complex mixtures in the environment and are currently a source of concern in many marine ecosystems. Pb, Cd, and Cu are regarded as priority hazardous metals due to their great persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tissue accumulation and distribution of these heavy metals in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to binary and ternary mixtures of metals as opposed to only single exposures. Heavy metal concentrations in the digestive gland, gills, and the other soft tissues were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and the distribution of each metal was analyzed according to compartments. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cu increased significantly in the group exposed to the ternary mixture; however, there was no common response pattern to exposure in single and binary mixtures. Above all, the metals concentrated in the digestive gland, although the percentages of each element varied between compartments and varied between tissues according to the treatment.
Open Access
Estudio de suelos de vertederos sellados y de sus especies vegetales espontáneas para la fitorrestauración de suelos degradados y contaminados del centro de España
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2002) Pastor, Jesús; Hernández, Ana Jesús; Sin departamento asociado; Facultad de Biología
Los suelos de antiguos vertederos de la Comunidad de Madrid, de carácter mixto (residuos sólidos urbanos e industriales) se encuentran entre los enclaves más contaminados existentes en la misma, por el contenido en metales pesados. Hemos venido estudiando estos ambientes, en sus diferentes aspectos. En este trabajo queremos dar una visión sintética sobre las principales especies vegetales que crecen en ellos. Estudiamos para ello la cubierta de sellado de 14 vertederos. En la mayoría de ellos, a los problemas de salinización-contaminación del suelo, se unen fuertes procesos erosivos. En los vertederos ubica dos sobre arcosas hemos encontrado cerca de 300 especies, y unas 170 en los vertederos sobre granitos. En los vertederos sobre substratos calizo-margosos aparecen cerca de 230 especies y en el ubicado sobre yesos unas 100. Las gramíneas son las más representadas, en número, en los vertederos sobre granitos y yesos, y las compuestas en los vertederos arcósicos y «calizo-margosos». La 3ª familia en importancia son las leguminosas y a continuación cariofiláceas y crucíferas. Lolium rigidum y Dactylis glomerata son dos especies frecuentes en la mayoría de vertederos y substratos. Ello es de interés por su capacidad encespedante para fijar los suelos frente a procesos erosivos. La compuesta mejor representada es Anacyclus clavatus. Hirs chfeldia incana y Spergularia rubra son la crucífera y cariofilácea, respectivamente, mejor representadas en todo tipo de vertederos. Los valores de la mayoría de las variables edáficas medidas son, en general, más elevadas en vertederos que en los suelos de los ecosistemas de referencia estudiados en el entorno.
Open Access
Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Human Breast Milk from Industrial/Mining and Agricultural Zones of Southeastern Spain
(MDPI, 2021-09-02) Motas, Miguel; Jiménez, Sandra; Oliva, José; Cámara, Miguel Ángel; Pérez‐Cárceles, María Dolores; Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología
Human breast milk is the most complete foodstuff for infants but can also be a potential source of exposure to toxic chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of metal pollution in the breast milk of women living in agricultural and industrial/mining areas of the Region of Murcia (Spain) that are well known for their cases of environmental pollution. Human milk samples were collected from 50 mothers and inorganic contaminants were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The mean or maximum concentrations of the different inorganic elements analyzed in breast milk, with the exception of manganese, exceeded the maximum limits established by the WHO and could constitute a high risk for pregnant mothers and their children. The breast milk of women living in the industrial/mining zone presented the highest levels of aluminum, zinc, arsenic, lead, mercury and nickel. On the contrary, the highest concentrations of manganese, chromium and iron were determined in the milk of women living in the agricultural zone. These results suggested and confirmed different profiles of environmental contamination of these areas.
Open Access
Heavy metals in tissues from loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the southwestern Mediterranean (Spain)
(Elsevier, 2009-02-02) Martínez-López, Emma; Hernández-García, Alejandro; María-Mojica, Pedro; Romero García, Diego; Castillo, Juan J.; Bellido, Juan J.; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; Gómez Ramírez, Pilar; Jiménez Montalbán, Pedro Javier; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc were measured in tissues of 21 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the southwestern Mediterranean coastline. Mean concentrations (dry weight) of essential elements (Zn and Cu) were 107 and 21.6 μg/g in liver, 27.9 and 3.8 μg/g in kidney, 65.4 and 5.0 μg/g in pectoral muscle, 11.1 and 3.45 μg/g in brain, and finally 19.2 μg/g and undetected in bone, respectively. Mean concentrations of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) were 23.4 and 2.8 μg/g in liver, 31.5 and 0.5 μg/g in kidney, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/g in pectoral muscle, 0.2 and 0.7 μg/g in brain, and undetected and 1.2 μg/g in bone, respectively. Metal concentrations were similar to other studies conducted on Mediterranean turtles. However, cadmium concentrations varied widely among individuals, which has been associated with potential sources of cadmium in Mediterranean Sea. This is the first study into metal accumulation in tissues of loggerhead turtle from Spanish Mediterranean coastline.
Open Access
Inorganic elements in blood, eggs, and embryos of olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) from Sanquianga Natural National Park, Colombia
(Elsevier, ) Hurtado-Sierra, Laura Nathalia; Giraldo, Alan; Martínez-López, Emma; Gallego-Zerrato, Juan José; Cortés-Gómez, Adriana Azucena; Gómez Ramírez, Pilar; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
The concentration of eight inorganic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se and Zn) was analysed for the first time in the blood (adults), eggs, embryos, embryo carapaces, and sand from nests of olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) of the Sanquianga National Natural Park (Colombian Pacific coast). Zinc was the element that showed the highest concentration, followed by Cr and Se. Sand and embryo carapaces were the samples that showed the highest concentrations. Significant correlations were identified between the elements, being most of them reported by first time in this species. Molar ratio Se:Hg was greater than 1 in all the samples, indicating that there is sufficient Se to bind to Hg, and therefore, counteracting its potential toxicity to health. Likewise, five correlations were associated with the carapace of the embryos and none with sand, suggesting maternal transfer contamination. The results obtained provide novel information about exposure to inorganic elements in nesting sea turtles in the eastern tropical Pacific.
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Metal concentrations in feathers of red-legged cormorants (Phalacrocorax gaimardi) and sources of plastic in a nesting colony from northern Chile
(Elsevier, 2023-05) García Cegarra, Ana M.; Martínez-López, Emma; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Mining industry is increasing the concentrations of heavy metals in coastal ecosystems of northern Chile. The presence of plastic in the nests of red-legged cormorants could be acting as a vector of metal presence in their organism. Here we analyze the source of plastic in the nests of cormorants by characterizing the abundance and type of marine debris in beaches and sea surface and the concentrations of eight metals in their feathers. Plastic was present in overall sampled nests and floating and beach debris are not the main sources of plastic to the nests. Overall analyzed metals were present in the cormorants in the following order: Zn > Cu > Se > Pb > Cd > As > Hg > Cr and Se, Cd and Pb concentrations were above the toxic limit. Further studies should investigate the potential adverse effects that plastics and metals presence may cause in this nesting colony.
Open Access
Phyototoxicity and heavy metals speciation of stabilised sewage sludges
(Elsevier, 2004) Fuentes, Ana; Llorens Pascual del Riquelme, Mercedes; Sáez, José; Aguilar Sanchís, María Isabel; Ortuño Sandoval, Juan Francisco; Meseguer Zapata, Víctor Francisco; Ingeniería Química
The presence of heavy metals in the sludges produced in wastewater treatment plants restricts their use for agricultural purposes. This study looks at different types of sludges (aerobic, anaerobic, unstabilised and sludge from a waste stabilisation pond) and compares the distribution of the heavy metals they contain according to the treatment that they have undergone. The sewage sludges were subjected to chemical characterisation and phytotoxicity testing, in absence of substrate, to provide a preliminary assessment of their suitability for land application. In addition, the total quantity of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, Ni, Na, Pb and Zn) was determined. The BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) method for heavy metal speciation was followed. It was confirmed that the total concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the limits set out by European legislation and that the stabilisation treatment undergone by the sludges strongly influenced the heavy metal distribution and the phases to which they were associated. The sludge extracts did not exert any significant adverse effect on the relative seed germination (RSG) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or cress (Lepidium sativum L.), although the reduction in germination index (GI) indicates that some characteristics existed did have an adverse effect on root growth.

Browsing by Subject "Heavy metals"

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