Browsing by Subject "Gestational diabetes"

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    Altered expression of human endogenous retroviruses syncytin-1, syncytin-2 and their receptors in human normal and gestational diabetic placenta
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Soygur, Bikem; Sati, Leyla; Demir, Ramazan
    Introduction: Syncytins belong to the Human Endogenous Retrovirus family. The syncytin-1 receptor, SLC1A5, and syncytin-2 receptor, MFSD2, interact with their respective syncytin proteins to induce syncytiotrophoblast formation. However, there is no information about syncytins in gestational diabetic placenta. Therefore, we studied the expression and localization of syncytins and their receptors during normal placental development and in gestational diabetic placenta. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot methods were performed with antibodies against syncytin-1, syncytin-2, SLC1A5 and MFSD2 in human first trimester placental tissues, normal term and gestational diabetic placentas. Syncytin-1, syncytin-2 and MFSD2 mRNA transcripts were determined by qRTPCR in normal and diabetic term placentas. Results: Cytoplasmic syncytin-1, syncytin-2, SLC1A5 and MFSD2 immunoreactions were observed in the trophoblastic layers in all placental samples. Some of the stromal cells showed strong cytoplasmic punctate staining. There were significantly weak syncytin-2 and MFSD2 immunoreaction intensities in diabetic placentas by ImageJ analysis, in parallel with decreased syncytin-2 and MFSD2 proteins in diabetic placentas by Westernblot. Protein expression of SLC1A5 increased dramatically in early pregnancy compared to term placenta. Syncytin-1, syncytin-2 and MFSD2 mRNA transcripts showed similar relative expression pattern by qRT-PCR. Discussion: Syncytins were localized not only in cytotrophoblast cells and the basement membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast but also in the apical microvillous membrane, cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast, some of the stromal cells and endothelium. Decreased syncytin-2 and MFSD2 proteins in gestational diabetic placentas might cause abnormal syncytiotrophoblast formation and possibly be involved in the pathology. Therefore, our study highlights an important potential relationship between syncytins and gestational diabetic placenta.
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    Serum vitamins A and E at mid-pregnancy and their relationships with both maternal and cord blood antioxidant status and perinatal conditions: The NELA Cohort
    (2023-06-02) Sánchez-Campillo, María; Gázquez García, Antonio; Serrano-Munuera, Ana; Bañón Arnao, Marino; Avilés Plaza, Francisco Valeriano; Garcia-Serna, Azahara M.; Noguera Velasco, José Antonio; Martínez López de Castro, Ana María; Martínez Gracia, Carmen; Suárez Martínez, Clara; Santaella-Pascual, Marina; Vioque, Jesús; Montoya-Hernández, Carmen; Ballesteros Meseguer, Carmen; Sánchez Ferrer, María Luisa; Pérez Fernández, Virginia; Morales Bartolomé, Eva; García-Marcos Álvarez, Luis Vicente; Larqué Daza, Elvira; Nela Study Group; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología; Facultad de Veterinaria
    Introduction: Most of the pregnant women do not achieve the recommended dietary intake of vitamins A and E. These vitamins may counteract oxidative stress involved in some adverse perinatal outcomes. We aimed to assess the associations between maternal vitamin A and E at mid-pregnancy with both maternal and fetal outcomes and to identify possible early biomarkers during pregnancy to predict and prevent oxidative stress in the offspring. Methods: Data on dietary and serum levels of vitamins A and E were collected from 544 pregnant women from the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) study, a prospective mother-child cohort set up in Spain. Results: There were large discrepancies between low dietary vitamin E intake (78% of the mothers) and low serum vitamin E levels (3%) at 24 weeks of gestation. Maternal serum vitamins A and E at mid-pregnancy were associated with higher antioxidant status not only in the mother at this time point (lower hydroperoxides and higher total antioxidant activity [TAA]) but also with the newborn at birth (higher TAA). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was negatively associated with maternal serum vitamin A (OR: 0.95 CI: 0.91–0.99, p = 0.009) at mid-pregnancy. Nevertheless, we could not detect any association between GDM and oxidative stress parameters. Conclusions: In conclusion, maternal vitamin A and E serum levels may be used as an early potential biomarker of antioxidant status of the neonate at birth. Control of these vitamins during pregnancy could help avoid morbid conditions in the newborn caused by oxidative stress in GDM pregnancies.