Browsing by Subject "Forensic sciences"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Editorial: skin lesion vitality assessment for forensic science: Current research and new perspectives
    (Frontiers Media, 2022-08-15) Fineschi, Vittorio; Madea, Burkhard; Bacci, Stefano; Legaz Pérez, Isabel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
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    Forensic avaluation and population genetic study of KIR2DS4 insertion/deletion polymorphisms in a Spanish population
    (Romanian Society of Legal Medicine, 2021-06) Bolarín, Jose Miguel; Pérez Cárceles, M. Dolores; Luna, Aurelio; Minguela, Alfredo; Muro, Manuel; Legez Pérez, Isabel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Polymorphisms (Indels) of insertion/deletion are a class of diallelic genetic markers resulting from a single mutation event and reflect the insertion or deletion of genomic DNA bases. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of the allelic variants of KIR2DS4 in the Spanish Caucasian population and compared it with other populations described in the literature. Genotyping of allelic variants of KIR2DS4 was performed by PCR-SSO in 127 healthy Spanish Caucasian individuals and were subsequently compared with 26 different world populations. A frequency of KIR2DS4-full (36.2%) allelic variants was found in the Spanish population, similar to those found European populations, but different and higher frequency in South and Central America and the Caribbean, Saudi Arabia, Sub-Saharan African as well as Hong Kong and Korean populations. A frequency of 77.2% of KIR2DS4-delected variant was found in Spanish population, while lower percentages were found in Sub-Saharan Africa, China, Hong Kong and Korea. No differences in the distribution of KIR2DS4 variants were observed between AA/BX KIR haplotypes and genotypes. In conclusion, our results enrich the Caucasian genetic information of the KIR2DS4 allelic variants between the Spanish Caucasian and other populations that could be useful in clinical, forensic and anthropological studies.
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    Forensic impact of the omics science involved in the wound: a systematic review
    (Frontiers Media, 2022-01-06) Collados Ros, Aurelia; Bacci, Stefano; Luna, Aurelia; Legaz Pérez, Isabel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Background: In forensic autopsies, examining the wounds is one of the most critical aspects to clarify the causal relationship between the cause of death and the wounds observed on the corpse. However, on many occasions, it is difficult to differentiate antemortem injuries from post-mortem injuries, mainly when they occur very close to the moment of death. At present, various studies try to find biomarkers and clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in a wound due to the high variability of conditions in which they occur, thus being one of the most challenging problems in forensic pathology. This review aimed to study the omics data to determine the main lines of investigation emerging in the diagnosis of vital injuries, time of appearance, estimation of the age and vitality of the wound, and its possible contributions to the forensic field. Methods: A systematic review of the human wound concerning forensic science was carried out by following PRISMA guidelines. Results: This study sheds light on the role of omics research during the process of wounding, identifying different cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, as well as cells involved in the specific stage of the wound healing process, show great use in estimating the age of a wound. On the other hand, the expression levels of skin enzymes, proteins, metal ions, and other biomarkers play an essential role in differentiating vital and post-mortem wounds. More recent studies have begun to analyze and quantify mRNA from different genes that encode proteins that participate in the inflammation phase of a wound and miRNAs related to various cellular processes. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the role of research in the molecular characterization of vital wounds, heralding a promising future for molecular characterization of wounds in the field of forensic pathology, opening up an important new area of research.
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    The paradigm of interdisciplinarity in forensic investigation. A case in Southeastern Spain
    (2020-11-19) García, María Dolores; Arnaldos Sanabria, María-Isabel; Lago, Vicente; Ramírez, Manuel; Ubero Pascal, Nicolás; Prieto, Joaquín; Presa, Juan José; Luna, Aurelio; Zoología y Antropología Física
    The paper presents the procedure followed to fully solve a forensic case which occurred in Southeastern Spain through the collaboration of specialists from different scientific areas belonging to two different government institutions, a public University and the Guardia Civil. Entomological evidence was required to estimate the PMI in order to settle the perimortem circumstances. Piophila megastigmata (Diptera: piophilidae) is reported for the first time from a forensic case in Spain, enhancing the interest of its presence in corpses to estimate the PMI. The procedure followed for each scientific specialist is detailed and the possibilities and requirements of each discipline are discussed in detail. Taking into account that institutional interdisciplinary collaboration is not a rule in solving cases of forensic investigation in Spain, the relevance and need of such interdisciplinary collaboration in solving cases of forensic investigation is emphasized.
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    The paradigm of interdisciplinarity in forensic investigation. A case in Southeastern Spain
    (Elsevier, 2020-11-19) García, María-Dolores; Arnaldos Sanabria, María Isabel; Lago, Vicente; Ramírez, Manuel; Ubero, Nicolás; Prieto, Joaquín; Presa, Juan-José; Luna, Aurelio; Zoología y Antropología Física
    The paper presents the procedure followed to fully solve a forensic case which occurred in Southeastern Spain through the collaboration of specialists from different scientific areas belonging to two different government institutions, a public University and the Guardia Civil. Entomological evidence was required to estimate the PMI in order to settle the perimortem circumstances. Piophila megastigmata (Diptera: Piophilidae) is reported for the first time from a forensic case in Spain, enhancing the interest of its presence in corpses to estimate the PMI. The procedure followed for each scientific specialist is detailed and the possibilities and requirements of each discipline are discussed in detail. Taking into account that institutional interdisciplinary collaboration is not a rule in solving cases of forensic investigation in Spain, the relevance and need of such interdisciplinary collaboration in solving cases of forensic investigation is emphasized.