Browsing by Subject "Ergonomics"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Effect of different ergonomic supports on muscle activity of dentists during posterior composite restoration.
    (PeerJ, 2019-11-07) López Nicolás, Manuel; García Vidal, José Antonio; Medina Mirapeix, Francesc; Sánchez Onteniente, Joaquín; Berná Mestre, Juan de Dios; Martín San Agustín, Rodrigo; Escolar Reina, Maíia Pilar; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física
    Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different ergonomic supports on the muscle activity of two trunk muscles while a group of dentists performed a common dental procedure on a phantom head, divided into three tasks. Methods: A one-way repeated measures study (ANOVA) was conducted on a group of 36 dentists. The middle trapezius and lumbar erector spinae muscles were measured with and without the use of different ergonomic supports (ergonomic stool, magnification lenses and both) using a portable surface electromyography (sEMG) device. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the absolute standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to establish the reliability of the baseline measures without ergonomic supports. Results: The sEMG showed excellent ICCs (ranging from 0.92 to 0.99) and SEM. Bonferroni post hoc tests showed differences between the three ergonomic supports (p < 0.001) in both muscles studied. The lowest muscle activity measurement occurred with the isolated used of magnification lenses. The use of the ergonomic stool increased the muscle activity of the middle trapezius and lumbar erector spinae muscles to a greater extent than the magnification lenses. The combination of the ergonomic stool and the magnification lenses produced a different effect on each muscle.
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    Smart learning environments a basic research towards the definition of apractical model
    (SpringerOpen, 2021-06-05) García-Tudela, Pedro-Antonio; Prendes-Espinosa, Paz; Solano-Fernández, Isabel M.; Didáctica y Organización Escolar
    This paper is basic research focused on the analysis of scientific advances related to Smart Learning Environments (SLE). Our main objective is to single out the common aspects to propose a new definition which will constitute the starting point to design an innovative model which we can apply to the analysis of real cases and good practices. For this, we have proposed a qualitative methodology that has been implemented in two phases: on the one hand, a documentary analysis of the existing definitions for SLE using the NVIVO program (frequency of words, coding and cross-references) and, on the other, an expert judgement by means of the Delphi method in order to validate the proposed model. The main results are reflected in the coalescence of a new definition of SLE and the proposal of the model entitled SLE-5. With the present research, we have been able to provide a model, defined in five dimensions and other key elements in SLE such as ergonomics and learning analytics, which transcends the technological-pedagogical gap of the SLE and offers a framework for the design and analysis of didactic proposals based on this model.
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    Smart Learning Environments y ergonomía: una aproximación al estado de la cuestión
    (2020) García-Tudela, Pedro Antonio; Prendes-Espinosa, M. Paz; Solano-Fernández, Isabel; Didáctica y Organización Escolar
    La tecnología educativa se ve de forma continua transformada en función de las tecnologías innovadoras que vamos incorporando, pero siempre con la vista puesta en la mejora del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Para ello, los Smart Learning Environments (SLE) se convierten en una alternativa óptima a la enseñanza tradicional, puesto que a través de la ergonomía se brinda una perspectiva inclusiva que mejorará la experiencia educativa de cualquier estudiante. Por lo tanto, el principal objetivo de este trabajo consiste en realizar un análisis del estado del arte en relación con la ergonomía, la inclusión y los SLE. El método utilizado se basa en una revisión sistemática de literatura que nos ha permitido analizar en profundidad una muestra final de 19 documentos tras una revisión inicial de 633, habiendo sido todos los trabajos publicados entre 2013 y 2019. El análisis de los resultados se realiza a través de una red semántica generada con atlas.ti. v.8, a partir de la cual se extraen 3 categorías, 10 códigos y 33 citas. Principalmente, los resultados reflejan el carácter emergente de la línea temática investigada y cómo la ergonomía se relaciona con la inclusión y se posiciona como uno de los principales componentes para diseñar una propuesta educativa basada en los SLE.
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    The combination of different ergonomic supports during dental procedures reduces the muscle activity of the neck and shoulder
    (MDPI, 2019-08-15) García Vidal, José Antonio; López Nicolás, Manuel; Sánchez Sobrado, Ana C.; Escolar Reina, María P.; Medina Mirapeix, Francesc; Bernabeu Mora, Roberto; Fisioterapia
    Ergonomic supports have become popular for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of different ergonomic supports and their combination to reduce muscle activity of the neck and shoulder muscles. A one-way repeated measures design was used to evaluate 36 practicing dentists while they performed three posterior composite restoration procedures on a phantom head. Portable surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings were used to measure the muscle activity of three muscles (Upper Trapezius, Lateral Deltoid and Anterior Deltoid) in the dominant upper extremity, with and without the use of different ergonomic supports (ergonomic stool, magnification lenses and both) during the performance of these tasks. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used. The muscle activity of all muscles differed significantly across the four ergonomic conditions during the three tasks. The use of ergonomic supports such as magnification lenses, the ergonomic stool, or the combination of both, is effective for decreasing the muscle activity of the three muscles during the three tasks, when compared to standard practice. In addition, the decrease of muscle activity was higher using magnification lenses when compared to the ergonomic stool. Furthermore, the greatest decrease was found with the combination of both supports
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    Variables predictivas de la calidad del sueño en conductores profesionales
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2021) Serrano Fernández, María José; Boada Grau, Joan; Robert Sentís, Lluís; Vigil Colet, Andreu
    Los conductores profesionales suelen padecer problemas para dormir o descansar correctamente. Esto puede deberse a diversos factores tanto personales como específicos de las condiciones laborales. En el presente trabajo nos hemos planteado desarrollar un modelo predictivo sobre la calidad del sueño en conductores profesionales utilizando los indicadores siguientes: Edad, Género, Confort del asiento, suspensión del asiento, Soporte lumbar ajustable del asiento del conductor, Horas de conducción, Problemas musculoesqueléticos, Drivers Stress, Irritación, Personalidad resistente, Burnout, Conductas de seguridad e Impulsividad. Método: Los participantes han sido 369 conductores profesionales, de distintos sectores del transporte, obtenidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se ha utilizado el programa SPSS 25.0. Resultados: Se determina la capacidad predictiva de algunas variables que afectan a los conductores sobre la calidad del sueño. Conclusiones: La calidad del sueño se puede predecir a través de determinadas variables, siendo la mejor predictora Exhaustion (Burnout). Esta investigación contribuye a un mayor conocimiento de la calidad del sueño y a la mejora de la salud de los conductores profesionales.