Browsing by Subject "Emprendedores"

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    Características de la emprendedora turística en el medio rural de la región de Murcia
    (Asociación de Investigación y Estudios del Sector Turístico (INVESTUR), 2020-02-29) Nicolás Martínez, Catalina; Riquelme Perea, Prudencio José; García Pina, César; Manzanares Gutiérrez, Ángel; Economía Aplicada; Facultad de Ciencias del Trabajo
    It is a proven fact that rural women, like the environment in which they live, have undergone a great transformation in recent decades. At present, a rural woman with a high educational level is observed, never reached, and increasingly, with more assiduity, occupying positions of responsibility that were previously forbidden. The emergence of alternative economic activities to agriculture, such as rural tourism, has led to the arise of entrepreneurial movements headed by entrepreneurs who have broken their traditional role as an invisible worker. In order to contribute to the knowledge of these changes in the rural world, especially in the Region of Murcia, and in the role that woman plays in the promotion of rural tourism, it is proposed this research that investigates the characteristics of the entrepreneur and the company tourist that she starts up. Specifically, through the methodology of the case study, characteristics and motivations have been identified that encourage eight rural women to undertake a tourist activity in the rural environment, highlighting among their results that the entrepreneur of the tourism sector in the rural environment is a woman with a high level of training, annually updated that, in addition, has work experience, she is also innovative, risky and determined to take advantage of the moment and that with the economic and cultural resources which she has, starts a business activity for which she bets at all times, investing in it over the years and with ambitious future expectations.
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    Estudio del éxito emprendedor y su relación con la creatividad y otras variables psicológicas : elaboración, análisis y validación de un instrumento para su medida: el "Test de Juárez"
    (2016-02-08) López Juárez, José; Corbalán Berná, Francisco Javier; Departamento de Personalidad y Tratamiento Psicológico
    OBJETIVOS: El objetivo central de esta investigación es estudiar el éxito y la creatividad a través de la elaboración de un instrumento de medida propio, el Test de Juárez. Se parte de la idea central de que hay personas especiales con tendencia a conseguir sus objetivos (éxito) y hay una serie de factores en estas personas. El objetivo fundamental de la tesis consiste en detectar estos factores y poder medirlos. Lo que detectamos con este test son 15 estrategias cognitivas que se ponen de manifiesto en diferentes situaciones cotidianas. El éxito se basa en una forma “especial” de pensar. El componente del éxito emprendedor nos permite hacer objetiva la comparación con la facturación anual de personas que crean proyectos desde cero. También puede entenderse como un instrumento de medida de la creatividad convergente. A diferencia de la creatividad divergente (capacidad para generar ideas), con muchos instrumentos de medida, la creatividad convergente, de difícil medida, consiste en cumplir esas ideas y llevarlas a resultados materiales (cumplir sueños). Esta investigación no se limita al Test de Juárez, que podría ser el primer test del mundo que predice la tendencia al éxito. Trata de demostrar que estas estrategias cognitivas especiales y muchas otras son propias de personas con tendencia al éxito. Estas habilidades permiten un ajuste a la realidad mayor y se superan determinados errores provocados por el pensamiento lingüístico conceptual. METODOLOGÍA: Para validar el test se realiza una comparación entre una muestra de más de 2.000 universitarios y una muestra de emprendedores de éxito objetivo en términos de facturación anual. Se han realizado otros test y correlaciones ante un total de más de 14.000 personas. El test de Juárez se compone de 24 preguntas que, al combinarse, miden 15 estrategias cognitivas. RESULTADOS: Tras un meticuloso análisis estadístico se confirman las 15 dimensiones y 23 de las 24 preguntas del test. Al profundizar en los errores lingüísticos propios del pensamiento “normal” descubrimos que uno de los errores fundamentales es la “bipolaridad coercitiva”. Consiste en oponer conceptos que pueden ser compatibles, por ejemplo, la falsa oposición entre ser guapo o ser simpático o la de ser rico o trabajar en lo que te guste. Las personas especiales superan este error y desarrollan la dualidad, estrategia cognitiva que puede expresarse con la frase “lo cortés no quita lo valiente”. Es sencillo y lógico pero, curiosamente, la dualidad es lo excepcional y la mente de las personas normales asimila este y otros muchos errores lingüísticos sin percatarse. Muchos instrumentos de medida no tienen en cuenta estos errores. Cuestionamos algunos conceptos como el coeficiente de fiabilidad, que prácticamente consiste en puntuar como fiable todo test o cuestionario que repita las mismas preguntas con distintas palabras. Proponemos el término coeficiente de covarianza (no fiabilidad). Debido a esta cuestión y muchas otras, podemos superar la anterior incapacidad de la ciencia para predecir el éxito con nuevos métodos que superan estos errores lingüísticos, elaborando la primera herramienta objetiva de medida capaz de predecir el éxito: “El Test de Juárez”. PURPOSE: This research aims to study the success and creativity through the development of an owned measuring test hereafter called "El Test de Juárez". This investigation starts from the existence of special people who tend to achieve their goals (success) and share some features. "El Test de Juárez" detects and measures 15 cognitive strategies becoming apparent in different everyday situations. Success is based on a "special" way of thinking. The comparison with the annual turnover of people who create projects from scratch is objective thanks to the component of the entrepreneurial success. It can also be understood as an instrument to measure the convergent creativity. Unlike the divergent creativity (brainstorming ability) that reckons on a lot of measuring instruments, the convergent creativity, which is hard to measure, consists of fulfilling those ideas and turning them into tangible outcomes (fulfilling dreams). This research is not only restricted to "El Test de Juárez"—which may be the first test in the world able to predict the tendency to succeed. It also tries to demonstrate that these special cognitive strategies and many others are specific to people prone to succeed. A better realistic approach is permitted by these skills and certain errors caused by the conceptual linguistic thinking are overcome. METHODOLOGY: In order to validate this test, a comparison between a sample of more than 2,000 university students and a sample of objective successful entrepreneurs in terms of the annual turnover has been carried out. Besides, other tests and correlations have been carried out on more than 14,000 people. "El Test de Juárez" consists of 24 questions that measure 15 cognitive strategies when combined. RESULTS: After a thorough statistical analysis, 15 dimensions and 23 of the 24 questions are confirmed. After having studied in depth the linguistic errors typical of the “normal” way of thinking, "coercive bipolarity" is revealed to be one of the fundamental errors. It consists of opposing concepts that may be compatible. For instance, the false opposition between being good-looking or being friendly and the one between being wealthy or finding your dream job. Special people overcome this error and develop the duality—which is a cognitive strategy meaning that courtesy and valour are not mutually exclusive. Although it is simple and logical, the duality is, curiously, exceptional and average people's mind assimilates this and other linguistic errors without noticing them. A lot of measuring instruments do not take into account these errors. Some concepts are questioned such as the reliability coefficient which virtually consists of considering as reliable every test or questionnaire repeating the same questions in other words. The term covariance coefficient (unreliability) is being suggested. Owing to this and other matters, the previous inability of science to predict success can be amended by new methods that overcome these linguistic errors such as “El Test de Juárez”, the first objective measuring instrument able to predict success.