DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Effectiveness"

Browsing by Subject "Effectiveness"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

Open Access
A governance analysis of Cabo de Palos-Islas Hormigas and Cabo de Gata-Níjar Marine Protected Areas, Spain
(Elsevier, 2021-05) Hogg, Katie; Noguera-Méndez, Pedro; García-Charton, José Antonio; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
This paper examines the governance of Cabo de Palos-Islas Hormigas (CPHMPA) and Cabo de Gata-Níjar (CGNMPA) Marine Protected Areas, Spain. The governance approach adopted in CPHMPA is shared authority between regional and state governments, whereas in CGNMPA it is state-led. In each MPA, limited coordination between national and regional government, and weak management at both levels, has made achievement of strategic conservation objectives significantly more challenging. Inconsistencies in legislation applied to internal and territorial waters have left both MPAs vulnerable to local economic development priorities. The reliance on economic and legal incentives has increased employment opportunities within the communities studied, but has also incurred environmental and social costs. Overall, the authors conclude that the current governance approaches are insufficient to effectively address all the challenges faced. In order to achieve more effective and equitable outcomes for both MPAs, greater coordination between national and regional government is required, along with interventions to introduce more participative and knowledge incentives to generate a greater sense of stewardship among all stakeholders.
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A systematic review of psychological well-being interventions for child victims of school violence
(Elsevier, 2024-12-31) Cascales Martínez, Andrea; Pina, David; López López, Reyes; Puente López, Esteban; López Ros, Paloma; Molero, María del Mar; Pérez Fuentes, María del Carmen; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
School violence is a serious social problem that affects many children and adolescents, with serious repercussions on their psychological well-being. In response to this situation, various prevention programs have been developed and implemented regardless of the role of the minor. Among the actions of greatest clinical and community interest are those focused on victims of bullying. The aim of this study is to analyze the interventions aimed at improving the psychological well-being of victims of school violence, as well as to describe the variables on which they intervene, and the results obtained. The methodology used was a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Collaboration recommendations, exploring all the studies published until December 2023 in the main databases. Experimental, quasi-experimental or pre-experimental studies were included, with minors between 6 and 17 years old, victims of bullying. On the other hand, studies where the population was diagnosed with developmental disorders or where the sample size in the posttest was less than 10 participants were excluded. The search yielded 40,120 articles, of which 39 were finally included in this review. Most studies reported that the intervention improved outcomes for victims, with half of them reporting effect sizes. Generally, psychoeducational interventions were described, with the cognitive-behavioral approach predominating as the most effective. The set of interventions collected provides researchers and professionals with evidence of empirically supported techniques that can be used in future interventions with children involved in school violence situations.
Embargo
Are the endemic water beetles of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands effectively protected?
(Elsevier, 2008-05-27) Sánchez Fernández, David; Bilton, David T.; Abellán, Pedro; Ribera, Ignacio; Velasco, Josefa; Milán, Andrés; Ecología e Hidrología
One of the most serious environmental problems is the current acceleration in the rate of species extinction associated with human activities, which is occurring particularly rapidly in freshwaters. Here we examine whether endemic water beetles are effectively protected by existing conservation measures in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, a region of high diversity and intense human pressure. We used an exhaustive database for aquatic beetles in the region to address such issues. Firstly, we identify the most threatened endemic taxa using a categorization system to rank species according to their conservation priority or vulnerability. Of the 120 endemic species of water beetles used in the analysis, only two (Ochthebius ferroi and Ochthebius javieri) were identified as being extremely vulnerable, 71 were highly vulnerable and 46 moderately vulnerable, with only a single species identified as having low vulnerability status. Since no Iberian species of aquatic Coleoptera has legal protection, the only conservation measure available for these species is the extent to which they occur in protected areas. Here we identify distributional hotspots for threatened endemic species, and evaluate the extent to which these are already included in the Natura 2000 network in Spain and Portugal. Despite a high degree of concordance between hotspots and Natura 2000 sites, the distribution of four species falls completely outside the network. The analysis also reveals that Natura 2000 fails to protect saline water bodies, despite their high conservation interest and narrow global distribution. The picture revealed here with water beetles is likely to be similar for others groups of freshwater macroinvertebrates, since Coleoptera are known to be good surrogates of aquatic biodiversity in the region. Finally, the degree of protection provided via Natura 2000, and the utility of red lists are discussed.
Open Access
Bienes jurídicos militares desde una perspectiva crítica.
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones., 2026) Parra Garófano, Francisco de Asís; Sin departamento asociado
La Constitución de 1978 pone de manifiesto la necesidad de armonizar el Derecho Penal militar respecto del Derecho Penal común, de manera que aquel esté sometido a los mismos principios limitadores del sistema punitivo general. El Código Penal Militar de 2015 tiene importantes avances al respecto. La parte especial del Derecho penal común parece poder aplicarse sin cortapisas al ámbito penal castrense. El concepto de delito militar, la parte especial del nuevo Código Penal Militar y, sus bienes jurídicos a proteger, generan serias dudas sobre la pretendida complementariedad del Derecho penal militar respecto del Derecho penal común. No menos importante es la cuestión si, dentro de los contornos del concepto de ámbito estrictamente castrense establecido en el art. 117. 5 CE, el Código Penal Militar de 2015 es respetuoso con el precepto constitucional.
Open Access
Differences between Latin American and Spanish men in a batterer intervention programme: proximal and final outcomes
(Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Vargas, Viviana; Conchell Diranzo, Raquel; Expósito-Álvarez, Cristina; Lila, Marisol
El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar si existen diferencias en la efectividad de un programa de intervención para hombres condenados por violencia de género, en función del lugar de procedencia de los participantes (i.e., españoles e inmigrantes latinoamericanos). Se utilizó una muestra de 425 hombres penados por violencia de género que participaban en un programa estándar de intervención en España. Se consideraron como variables finales la reincidencia oficial y el riesgo de reincidencia y como variables proximales la intención de cambio, la asunción de responsabilidad, la adherencia al tratamiento y el compromiso con la intervención. No se encontraron diferencias entre participantes españoles y latinoamericanos en las variables riesgo de reincidencia, intención de cambio, asunción de responsabilidad al sistema legal y a la víctima. Únicamente se encontraron diferencias significativas entre estos dos grupos en la variable compromiso con la intervención. Los resultados sugieren que, al menos para los inmigrantes latinoamericanos que se encuentran participando en programas de intervención con hombres condenados por violencia de género en España, no parece necesario ajustar la intervención en función de las diferencias culturales, siendo suficiente el uso de estrategias motivacionales para promover el cambio.
Embargo
Effectiveness of a brief, basic evidence-based practice course for clinical nurses
(Wiley, 2015-02-14) Ramos Morcillo, Antonio Jesús; Fernández Salazar, Serafín; Ruzafa Martínez, María; Pino Casado, Rafael del; Enfermería
Background: Barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) by nursing professionals include a lack of knowledge, inadequate skills in searching for and appraising evidence, and consulting research articles. However, few studies have addressed the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve their competence. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief basic online and face-to-face educational intervention to promote EBP attitudes, knowledge and skills, and practice in clinical care nurses. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with a comparison group. The sample included registered nurses enrolled in the free continuing education courses offered in 2013 by the Nursing Council of Jaen (Spain). The study included 109 participants (54 in the intervention group and 55 in the comparison group). The intervention was a brief, basic EBP course with online and face-to-face learning. The comparison group received an educational intervention with different content. The evidence-based practice questionnaire (EBPQ) was used to evaluate EBP attitude, knowledge and skills, and practice before the intervention, and at 21 and 60 days following the intervention. Two-way mixed analysis of variance was conducted. Results: There was a significant difference between intervention and comparison groups in the knowledge and skills dimension. The difference between groups was not significant in the EBP practice dimension. Both groups had high scores in the attitude dimension that did not change after the intervention. Linking Evidence to Action: A brief basic educational intervention on EBP with online and face-to-face learning can produce improvements in the knowledge and skills of clinical nurses.
Open Access
Effectiveness of debriefing after a short training on brief tobacco intervention for nursing students: a randomized clinical trial
(Elsevier , 2025-05-13) Ramos Morcillo, Antonio Jesús; Leal Costa, César; Suárez Cortés, María; Molina Rodríguez, Alonso; Ruzafa Martínez, María; Enfermería; Facultad de Enfermería
Aim: To determine the effectiveness of debriefing after the objective assessment of brief tobacco interventions (BTI) training and its changes after 3 and 9 months. Design: Controlled clinical trial with random assignment by blocks. Methods: 145 sec-year students enrolled in a 4-year nursing degree program participated in the study, with 80 in the intervention group and 65 in the control group. Training according to the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange) and 5Rs (Relevance, Risks, Rewards, Roadblocks and Repetition) model was provided to both the control and experimental groups as a brief tobacco intervention strategy in primary care. Presentation of three clinical scenarios through videotaped objective structured clinical examination (VOSCE) and assessment with the BTI-St© tool. Posterior debriefing with the experimental group. Descriptive statistical analyses, 2-factor repeated measures ANOVA. Each subject was measured 5 times. (ID protocol: NCT06564766). Results: The time*group interaction results demonstrated significant differences with large effect sizes across all three scenarios. In the experimental groups, the most notable differences were observed immediately after the debriefing compared with baseline. Although these differences decreased over time, they remained present at 3 and 9 months in all scenarios relative to the baseline. Conclusions: The inclusion of debriefing in a brief intervention for learning about BTI within the context of primary care of nursing students resulted in a significant increase in their learning and greater durability, at least after nine months.
Open Access
Eficacia de la hipnosis en Psicología del Deporte: una revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2022) Franquelo, María Auxiliadora; Hernández-Mendo, Antonio; Capafons, Antonio
La hipnosis es un conjunto variado de procedimientos que posee abundante evidencia científica sobre su utilidad como técnica coadyuvante en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos, de índole médica o psicológica especialmente en adultos. No obstante, en el ámbito de la Psicología del Deporte la evidencia disponible parece escasa, y no siempre basada en estudios rigurosos desde un punto de vista metodológico. Por este motivo, este estudio presenta una revisión sistemática según la Declaración Prisma sobre la eficacia de la hipnosis en el deporte y el ejercicio/práctica deportiva. Los objetivos son describir los resultados de este conjunto de técnicas sobre el rendimiento en deportistas y practicantes de ejercicio físico, y mostrar la potencia estadística del conjunto de estudios y su rigor metodológico. Se incluyeron un total de 45 estudios, que revelaron, en su mayoría, los efectos positivos del uso de la hipnosis frente a otras técnicas utilizadas. Con respecto a los criterios metodológicos, la mayoría de los estudios cumplieron con los criterios establecidos, a excepción de evaluación de la sugestionabilidad hipnótica y medida del tamaño del efecto. Estos resultados ponen de relevancia la importancia de continuar contribuyendo al desarrollo de la hipnosis en Psicología del Deporte, visto que los posibles efectos positivos y las ventajas que puede presentar la misma presentan aún poca evidencia científica
Open Access
La evaluación de las instituciones universitarias
(Universidad de Murcia, 1991) Mora Ruiz, José Ginés
En este artículo se pasa revista a los diferentes sistemas de evaluación de las instituciones universitarias. Tras una visión general sobre el concepto de evaluación institucional, se revisa dos cuestiones de especial interés: las evaluaciones autorreguladas (autoestudios y revisiones de programas) y las evaluaciones del rendimiento institucional (indicadores de rendimiento).
Open Access
Las Instrucciones para la práctica individual de los profesores de Instrumento: un estudio descriptivo
(Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia, Consejería de Educación y Cultura, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2021) Franco Candel, María Elisa
El trabajo que presentamos se ha centrado en la observación de las prácticas de los docentes de las llamadas en nuestro país Enseñanzas Profesionales de Música, y más concretamente, de los profesores de instrumento. Se ha atendido fundamentalmente al tipo de instrucciones que éstos proporcionan para el estudio que el aprendiz realiza en solitario, por ser éste uno de los rasgos más característicos de dichas enseñanzas: el carácter personalizado e individualizado del proceso de enseñanza / aprendizaje. El análisis de estas prácticas se ha orientado a dilucidar si las mismas resultan facilitadoras de aprendizajes y estudiantes competentes
Open Access
Modernización de regadíos en España: experiencias de control, ahorro y eficacia en el uso del agua para riego
(Universidad de Jaén, 2019-06-14) Gómez Espín, José María; Geografía
Entre las políticas de gestión de las demandas de agua en España, sobresale la modernización de regadíos, con objeto de actuar sobre el principal consumidor de agua. Se han aprobado el Avance del Plan Nacional de Regadíos (1996), el Plan Nacional de Regadíos (PNR), horizonte 2005 y posteriormente horizonte 2008, así como el Plan de Choque de modernización de regadíos 2006-2008. Se han elaborado varias estrategias como la Estrategia Nacional para la Modernización Sostenible de los Regadíos, horizonte 2015, la Estrategia Nacional de Regadíos, horizonte 2020, y la Estrategia Nacional de Regadíos 2018-2025. Del año 1996 al 2017, se ha modernizado más de la mitad de la superficie regada (de los 3,79 millones de ha regables, más del 50% reciben riego a presión localizado). Las mejoras de las conducciones, la automatización, el cambio de sistemas de riego, etc., han generado un ahorro de agua de más de 1800 hm3/año. Se precisa un nuevo Plan Nacional de Regadíos, donde el esfuerzo conjunto de Administración General, de Comunidades Autónomas y de regantes logre dar soluciones a problemas como la energía en el riego por elevación, el riego deficitario en situaciones de sequía, la aplicación de caudales de la regeneración y de la desalación, la sostenibilidad de los sistemas y paisajes regados, etc.
Open Access
Propuesta Metodológica para la Aplicación del Benchmarking a Través de Indicadores: Una Investigación Empírica en Administraciones Locales
(2003) Navarro Galera, Andrés; Ortiz Rodríguez, David
En el marco de la nueva gestión pública, los Indicadores de Gestión y la técnica del Benchmarking son instrumentos adecuados para la evaluación de la eficiencia, aunque su grado de utilidad práctica depende de la homogeneidad entre los datos a comparar. Sin embargo, ninguno de los estudios empíricos publicados se ha dedicado a la estandarización de estos indicador es en la administración local española. Este trabajo pretende diseñar una metodología para la normalización de Indicadores de Gestión, que contribuya a mejorar el uso del Benchmarking en los análisis de eficacia y eficiencia de las Administraciones Locales. Además, presentamos los resultados de su aplicación real en nueve municipios y diecisiete servicios públicos municipales, recogiendo las principales conclusiones de esta investigación empírica
Open Access
The impact of CLIL on the acquisition of L2 competences and skills in primary education
(2016-12-12) Nieto Moreno de Diezmas, Esther
The aim of this paper is to provide new evidence on the effectiveness of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in the acquisition of English language competences (reading, writing, listening and spoken production and interaction) compared to traditional learning of English as a foreign language (EFL) in primary school settings. To do so, results of CLIL and non-CLIL learners enrolled in the 4 th year of primary education (9-10-year-olds) were examined and contrasted. Findings showed that the only communicative competence in which differences in favour of CLIL students were significant was spoken production and interaction. However, significant differences have also been detected in the following indicators: "preparing an outline before writing" (writing), "understanding space-time relations" (reading), and "global comprehension" and "identification of details" (listening). The confined effectiveness of CLIL may be due to the limited time of extra exposure to English, the young age of participants and the absence of any selection process for CLIL learners.

Browsing by Subject "Effectiveness"

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