Browsing by Subject "Drugs"
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- PublicationOpen AccessLos amigos: espacio educativo, implicaciones y poder(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2008-07-01) Añaños Bedriñana, Fanny T.; Bedmar Moreno, MatíasEl artículo está orientado por el análisis de los amigos y amigas como elementos que repercuten en el consumo de drogas (alcohol, tabaco y cannabis) en el marco de una investigación nacional llevada a cabo entre los años 2001-2004. Al tomar posición concreta sobre las contribuciones, el presente trabajo persigue los siguientes objetivos: estudiar y determinar los factores de influencia en el consumo tóxico, las motivaciones ante el contacto con las sustancias, las situaciones iniciales de consumo y las representaciones sociales sobre las drogas en los jóvenes. La muestra aleatoria la constituyen sujetos entre los 12 y 26 años, a los que se aplicaron 1030 cuestionarios y se analizaron 88 entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados muestran con claridad que los pares se erigen en los principales factores de influencia en el consumo (alcohol 83,4%, tabaco 80,9% y cannabis 91,2%); del mismo modo, las situaciones que inducen al contacto con las sustancias se deben a la presencia de los iguales (alcohol 46,7%, tabaco 67% y cannabis 70,8%), asociadas a actividades lúdicas como la “marcha” y el “botellón”. Entre las motivaciones toman posición destacada, la curiosidad, la diversión, las costumbres del grupo y el mimetismo acunado en los grupos; finalmente, la representación social de los pares se evidencia a través de una creencia compartida en la que la droga asume el papel de mediador en las relaciones interpersonales.
- PublicationOpen AccessComportamientos de riesgo relacionados con el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en niños y jóvenes de Lisboa(Universidad de Murcia, 2017) Deodato, Sergio; Nunes, Elisabete; Capelas, Manuel; Seabra, Paulo; Sarreira Santos, Alexandra; Medeiros Garcia, LurdesObjetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento de riesgo de las sustancias psicoactivas en una población juvenil de Lisboa. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Los participantes fueron 113 niños y jóvenes quienes respondieron a la versión en portugués del Cuestionario de Riesgo y Comportamiento de la Salud - Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Resultados: Los participantes con respecto a la edad tenían entre 9-13, la mayoría de 5º grado de escolaridad, vivían con sus padres, tenían un buen rendimiento escolar, buena relación con los colegas aunque ¼ refería problemas. Cuando están preocupados, recurren a la madre, pero es significativa la atención de los padres. En cuanto a la prueba de sustancias psicoactivas se encontró: 9,7% de tabaco, 19,5% de alcohol, otras sustancias 5,3%. Conclusión: En relación con el comportamiento de riesgo destaca principalmente la ingesta de alcohol antes de tiempo. Surgieron como factores de protección: las relaciones familiares y la relación con el espacio escolar. Este grupo de edad puede constituir el momento ideal para la prevención
- PublicationOpen AccessConocimiento del equipo de enfermería que trabaja en Unidades Pediátrica y Neonatal sobre reacciones adversas a medicamentos(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2014) Felipe Barbosa, Adriana Olimpia; Borges de Oliveira, Magali; Souza Terra, FábioObjetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento acerca de las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos del personal de enfermería que ejerce actividad laboral en la unidad neonatal y pediátrica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, realizado con 43 enfermeros profesionales que trabajan en las unidades pediátrica y neonatal de un hospital universitario en el sur de Minas Gerais. Se utilizó un cuestionario con 15 preguntas, entrevistándose a los profesionales en el lugar de trabajo. Los datos fueron analizados y presentados en tablas con valores absolutos y porcentaje. Resultados: Hubo predominio de profesionales de sexo femenino y de técnicos de enfermería. Algunos entrevistados definieron correctamente la memoria RAM (69,8%) informaron que la memoria RAM puede ser reportada por todos los miembros del equipo de salud (62,8%), que todas las reacciones deben ser notificadas (83,8%) y que el principal factor para la aparición de RAM en esta clientela es el uso concomitante de varios fármacos (69,8%); 94,5% de sujetos informó que la principal conducta adoptada frente a este evento es comunicarlo al médico. Conclusiones: El equipo estudiado tiene lagunas en relación a los conocimientos sobre memoria RAM; por lo que es necesaria la educación continua en instituciones de salud.
- PublicationRestrictedDrugs related to the etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization: A systematic review(Elsevier, 2016-02) Serna Muñoz, Clara; Vicente, Ascensión; Finke, Christian; Ortiz Ruiz, Antonio José; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina FísicaBackground: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an idiopathic syndrome that has been associated with several etiologic factors. The authors’ objective was to systematically review studies in which the investigators had studied how the etiology of MIH was related to medication intake. Types of Studies Reviewed: The search covered a period from January 1, 1965, to September 29, 2014. The search revealed 1,042 articles, to which the authors applied eligibility criteria and selected 20 studies for review. The authors considered 9 of the 20 studies to be high quality. The drugs used in these studies were chemotherapeutic drugs, antibiotics, asthma drugs, antiepileptic drugs, antiviral drugs, antifungal drugs, and antiparasitic drugs. Results: Two reviewers independently performed risk-of-bias assessment and data extraction. The investigators of all of the studies had reported enamel defects, but only 2 sets of investigators had used the term “molar incisor hypomineralization.” Owing to the different methodologies used by the investigators of the selected studies, the authors could not perform a meta-analysis of the study results. Conclusions: More well-designed prospective studies are needed to clarify the relationship between MIH and medication. Practical Implications: It would be convenient to establish a preventive protocol in patients with a potential risk of developing MIH to avoid the complications that are characteristic of this disease.
- PublicationOpen AccessIdentification of Benzodiazepine Use Based on Dried Blood Stains Analysis(MDPI, 2024-06-17) Fernández López, Lucía; Rodríguez, Sandra; Cánovas Cabanes, Alberto; Teruel Fernández, Francisco Javier; Almela Rojo, Pilar; Hernández del Rincón, Juan Pedro; Navarro Zaragoza, Javier; Falcón Romero, María; FarmacologíaBiological matrices are typically used in forensic toxicological or pharmacological analysis: mainly blood, vitreous humor or urine. However, there are many cases in which crimes are a consequence of drug intoxication or drug abuse and they are not closed because over the months or years the samples become altered or decomposed. A dried blood stains test (DBS-MS) has recently been proposed to be used in drug toxicology when blood is found at a crime scene. This test could help an investigator to reveal what a person had consumed before the perpetration of the crime. In order to check the possibilities of this test, we analyzed several dried blood stains located on a cotton fabric. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the analysis of a dried blood spot located on a cotton fabric could be an alternate source of obtaining toxicological results, particularly regarding benzodiazepines. We splashed blood stains on cotton fabric with different concentrations of the following benzodiazepines: alprazolam, bromazepam, clonazepam, diazepam and lorazepam, which were dried for 96 h and subsequently quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Our results show that it is possible to identify several benzodiazepines contained in a cotton fabric blood stain; consequently, this method may add
- PublicationOpen AccessJuventud y drogas: condicionantes sociales de la educación para la salud(Universidad de Murcia, 2001) Benito Martínez, Juan; García Martínez, AlfonsoSi ciertos fenómenos fisiológicos como el dolor o el hambre tienen determinantes biológicos, el significado que les da el individuo y las prácticas que desarrollará dependerán de las circunstancias y del contexto social y cultural. Lo que apunta a que los esfuerzos de prevención subestiman algunos aspectos específicos de los determinantes de los comportamientos vinculados a la salud.
- PublicationOpen AccessLarry Clark: adolescencia, drogas y sexo(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2009) Jové Albà, AntoniEste artículo consiste en una aproximación a la obra del fotógrafo y director de cine americano Larry Clark a partir de sus primeros trabajos en ambos medios, respectivamente. Las dos obras que se estudian en el artículo son el libro de fotografía Tulsa (1962-1971) y la película Kids (1995). Desde sus inicios sus obras han abordado abiertamente la violencia, el sexo y el consumo de tóxicos entre los adolescentes. Estos dos trabajos son cruciales para entender cómo Clark describe a la adolescencia y el desarrollo posterior de otras obras suyas, en la medida que Tulsa y Kids funcionan como bases o centros desde los que se ramifican proyectos no menos interesantes.
- PublicationOpen AccessNew potential pharmacological options for endometriosis associated pain(MDPI, 2024-06-27) García-Izquierdo, Laura; Marín-Sánchez, Pilar; García-Peñarrubia, Pilar; Martínez-Esparza Alvargonzález, María Concepción; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e InmunologíaEndometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, affecting 10–15% of women of reproductive age. Pain is the most common symptom. Treatment options include surgery, which has limited ef fectiveness and high recurrence rates, and pharmacotherapy. Hormonal therapies, commonly used for symptom management, can have side effects and contraceptive outcomes, contributing to the infertility associated with endometriosis, with pain and lesions often reappearing after treatment cessation. Among its etiological factors, immunological and inflammatory dysregulation plays a significant role, representing an interesting target for developing new therapeutic strategies. This review critically analyzes recent studies to provide an updated synthesis of ongoing research into potential new pharmacotherapies focusing on lesion progression, pain relief, and improving quality of life. Immunotherapy, natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds and drug repurpos ing show promise in addressing the limitations of current treatments by targeting immunological factors, potentially offering non-invasive solutions for managing pain and infertility in endometri osis. Promising results have been obtained from in vitro and animal model studies, but clinical trials are still limited. More effort is needed to translate these findings into clinical practice to effectively reduce disease progression, alleviate pain symptoms and preserve the reproductive capacity, im proving patients’ overall wellbeing.
- PublicationOpen AccessPhotoactivatable Ruthenium Complexes Containing Minimal Straining Benzothiazolyl-1,2,3-triazole Chelators for Cancer Treatment(ACS, 2024-02-22) Ballester, Francisco J.; Hernández-García, Alba; Santana, M. Dolores; Bautista, Delia; Pezhman, Ashoo; Ortega-Forte, Enrique; Barone, Gianpaolo; Ruiz, José; Química InorgánicaRuthenium(II) complexes containing diimine ligands have contributed to the development of agents for photoactivated chemotherapy. Several approaches have been used to obtain photolabile Ru(II) complexes. The two most explored have been the use of monodentate ligands and the incorporation of steric effects between the bidentate ligands and the Ru(II). However, the introduction of electronic effects in the ligands has been less explored. Herein, we report a systematic experimental, theoretical, and photocytotoxicity study of a novel series of Ru(II) complexes Ru1–Ru5 of general formula [Ru(phen)2(N∧N′)]2+, where N∧N′ are different minimal strained ligands based on the 1-aryl-4-benzothiazolyl-1,2,3-triazole (BTAT) scaffold, being CH3 (Ru1), F (Ru2), CF3 (Ru3), NO2 (Ru4), and N(CH3)2 (Ru5) substituents in the R4 of the phenyl ring. The complexes are stable in solution in the dark, but upon irradiation in water with blue light (λex = 465 nm, 4 mW/cm2) photoejection of the ligand BTAT was observed by HPLC-MS spectrometry and UV–vis spectroscopy, with t1/2 ranging from 4.5 to 14.15 min depending of the electronic properties of the corresponding BTAT, being Ru4 the less photolabile (the one containing the more electron withdrawing substituent, NO2). The properties of the ground state singlet and excited state triplet of Ru1–Ru5 have been explored using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. A mechanism for the photoejection of the BTAT ligand from the Ru complexes, in H2O, is proposed. Phototoxicity studies in A375 and HeLa human cancer cell lines showed that the new Ru BTAT complexes were strongly phototoxic. An enhancement of the emission intensity of HeLa cells treated with Ru5 was observed in response to increasing doses of light due to the photoejection of the BTAT ligand. These studies suggest that BTAT could serve as a photocleavable protecting group for the cytotoxic bis-aqua ruthenium warhead [Ru(phen)2(OH2)2]2+.
- PublicationOpen AccessRisk factors associated with substance use in female victims of abuse living in a context of poverty(Universidad de Murcia, 2019-12-01) Rivas Rivero, Esther; Bonilla Algovia, Enrique; Vázquez Cabrera, José JuanEl trabajo analiza la relación entre el padecimiento de sucesos vitales estresantes y el consumo excesivo de alcohol y drogas en 136 mujeres víctimas de violencia de género de Nicaragua. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de una entrevista estructurada diseñada para este fin que recoge sucesos vitales estresantes padecidos por las víctimas a lo largo de su vida. Los resultados muestran que quienes padecieron distintos episodios de violencia en la infancia consumieron alcohol y drogas en exceso. Además, el mayor predictor para el consumo de alcohol y drogas se encuentra entre quienes padecieron abuso sexual antes de los 18 años. Por otra parte, los análisis Odds Ratio indican un aumento del riesgo para el consumo de sustancias cuando el abuso se produjo a edades tempranas. Pese a la relevancia para la salud de las víctimas, existen pocos dispositivos en Nicaragua con los que atender a las víctimas de violencia de género hacia procesos de recuperación, sobre todo para quienes han desarrollado estrategias de afrontamiento relacionados con el consumo excesivo de sustancias.
- PublicationEmbargoSecond primary molar hypomineralisation and drugs used during pregnancy and infancy. a systematic review(Springer, 2019-07-16) Serna Muñoz, Clara; Ortiz Ruiz, Antonio José; Pérez Silva, Amparo; Bravo González, Luis Alberto; Vicente, Ascensión; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina FísicaObjectives Hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) are due to idiopathic hypomineralisation that affects from 1- to 4-s primary molars, and its aetiology remains unclear. Our objective was to systematically review studies in which the investigators had studied the association between HSPM and drug use during pregnancy and the first year of life. Materials and methods A systematic search for publications until July 2018 was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. No restrictions were placed on year of publication. The PECO Question was as follows: P, children exposed to drugs during pregnancy and the first year of life; E, drugs to which mothers, during pregnancy and their offspring were exposed; C, control groups from studies with the same characteristics not exposed to drugs during pregnancy and the first year of life; and O, relationship between drug exposure during pregnancy and the first year of life and HSPM. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria. Results We initially identified 986 articles, or which seven were selected for review: two case-control studies, one cross-sectional studies and four cohort studies. Four studies reported data on drug consumption during pregnancy and four investigated drug use during the first year of life and the occurrence of enamel defects in primary dentition. Conclusions There is no clear evidence that the use of drugs during pregnancy and during the first year of life is associated with HSPM. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed.
- PublicationRestrictedSecond primary molar hypomineralisation and drugs used during pregnancy and infancy. A systematic review(2019-07-16) Serna Muñoz, Clara; Ortiz Ruiz, Antonio José; Pérez Silva, Amparo; Bravo-González, Luis-Alberto; Vicente, Ascensión; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina FísicaObjectives: Hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) are due to idiopathic hypomineralisation that affects from 1- to 4-second primary molars, and its aetiology remains unclear. Our objective was to systematically review studies in which the investigators had studied the association between HSPM and drug use during pregnancy and the first year of life. Materials and methods: A systematic search for publications until July 2018 was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. No restrictions were placed on year of publication. The PECO Question was as follows: P, children exposed to drugs during pregnancy and the first year of life; E, drugs to which mothers, during pregnancy and their offspring were exposed; C, control groups from studies with the same characteristics not exposed to drugs during pregnancy and the first year of life; and O, relationship between drug exposure during pregnancy and the first year of life and HSPM. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria. Results: We initially identified 986 articles, or which seven were selected for review: two case-control studies, one cross-sectional studies and four cohort studies. Four studies reported data on drug consumption during pregnancy and four investigated drug use during the first year of life and the occurrence of enamel defects in primary dentition. Conclusions: There is no clear evidence that the use of drugs during pregnancy and during the first year of life is associated with HSPM. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed. Clinical relevance: Determining the etiological factors related to the development of HSPM would help to establish preventive protocols in patients at potential risk. As HSPM is predictive of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), the application ofpreventive protocols would avoid complications in both the primary and permanent dentition.
- PublicationOpen AccessSmartphone Addiction, Drug Consumption, and Well-Being among Adolescents after COVID-19 Pandemic(IntechOpen, 2025-10-08) Fernández López, Lucía; Navarro Zaragoza, Javier; Falcón Romero, María; FarmacologíaThe misuse of mobile phones has been recognized as a significant issue, potentially leading to health problems and even addiction. Smartphone addiction is defined as the inability to stop using the device despite physical, psychological, or social consequences. Adolescents, in particular, are considered highly susceptible to this phenomenon. In fact, the diagnosis of this disorder is increasing exponentially among adolescents, even more so after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, since it has exacerbated the reliance on technology for social, educational, and professional purposes. Excessive mobile phone use among adolescents has been associated with limited academic performance, low self-esteem, and poor social relationships, as well as impulsivity, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, intensive mobile phone use has been linked to substance abuse, including alcohol and other drugs. Thus, this chapter aims to revise smartphone addiction, drug consumption, and self-perceived wellbeing during adolescence; the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on these factors; and the available tools for their measurement.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe influence of physical activity, diet, weight status and substance abuse on students’ self-perceived health.(MDPI, 2020-02-21) Moral García, José Enrique; Agraso López, Antonio David; Ramos Morcillo, Antonio Jesús; Jiménez, Alfredo; Jiménez Eguizábal, Alfredo; EnfermeríaThe objective of this study was to determine the level and relationship between the self-perceived health of adolescents in relation to the level of practice of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, weight status and consumption of substance abuse, such as alcohol and tobacco. A total of 516 adolescent students between the ages of 12 and 16 completed a series of questionnaires to assess their health, physical activity, compliance with the Mediterranean diet and alcohol and tobacco consumption. Adolescents who practice more physical activity have better health and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The level of health is higher among adolescents with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, evidencing better health among those who consume less tobacco. These results show the need to involve the educational community, families and the media to promote healthy lifestyle habits that can help physical activity and sports professionals in the development of theoretical–practical proposals aimed at improving the health of students.
- PublicationOpen AccessUsing drugs to target necroptosis: dual roles in disease therapy(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2018) Wang, Zhen; Guo, Li Min; Zhou, Hong kang; Qu, Hong ke; Wang, Shu Chao; Liu, Feng Xia; Chen, Dan; Huang, Ju Fang; Xiong, KunNecroptosis is programmed necrosis, a process which has been studied for over a decade. The most common accepted mechanism is through the RIP1- RIP3-MLKL axis to regulate necroptotic cell death. As a result of previous studies on necroptosis, positive regulation for promoting necroptosis such as HSP90 stabilization and hyperactivation of TAK1 on RIP1 is clear. Similarly, the negative regulation of necroptosis, such as through caspase 8, c-FLIP, CHIP, MK2, PELI1, ABIN-1, is also clear. Therefore, the promise of corresponding applications in treating diseases becomes hopeful. Studies have shown that necroptosis is involved in the development of many diseases, such as ischemic injury diseases in various organs, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Given these results, drugs that inhibit or trigger necroptosis can be discovered to treat diseases. In this review, we briefly introduce up to date concepts concerning the mechanism of necroptosis, the diseases that involve necroptosis, and the drugs that can be applied to treat such diseases.
- PublicationOpen AccessYoung people, drugs, prevention, and ICTs(2014) Millán Jiménez, Ana; Sociología