DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Cortisol"

Browsing by Subject "Cortisol"

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Open Access
Autonomic, hormonal, and subjective responses to a modified version of the TSST: a pilot study
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2021) Salvador, Alicia; Gómez-Amor, Jesús; Espín López, Laura
El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar las respuestas hormonales, autonómicas y afectivas a una versión modificada del estresor TSST en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios compuesta de treinta y ocho sujetos (11 hombres y veintisiete mujeres, 11 en la fase lútea del ciclo menstrual, 16 mujeres en la fase folicular). La respuesta hormonal se evaluó con niveles de cortisol. La frecuencia cardíaca y la actividad electrodérmica se registraron durante toda la sesión experimental y la ansiedad rasgo y estado se evaluaron antes y después de la tarea. La fase de discurso provocó la frecuencia cardíaca más alta, la mayor frecuencia de respuestas inespecíficas y el mayor nivel de conductancia de la piel, mostrando diferencias significativas con la fase de habituación. Sin embargo, la respuesta de cortisol salival no fue significativa con respecto al factor estresante. En relación con las diferencias de sexo, independientemente del factor estresante, los hombres mostraron una mayor frecuencia de respuesta inespecífica, un mayor nivel de conductancia de la piel que las mujeres y mayores niveles de cortisol en comparación con las mujeres en la fase lútea. La ansiedad estado fue similar pre y postarea y no reveló ninguna diferencia asociada con el sexo o la fase del ciclo menstrual. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el eje HHA no responde al TSST sentado y proporcionó evidencia de que el TSST provoca diferentes patrones de respuesta psicofisiológica dependiendo de algunas variaciones del protocolo.
Open Access
Correlación entre estrés, niveles de cortisol y estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a tratamiento
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2020) Ramos Frausto, Víctor Manuel; Caudillo Ortega, Lucia; de la Roca Chiapas, José María; Hernández González, Martha Alicia; Barbosa Sabanero, Gloria; García Rocha, Mariazel
Introducción: El cáncer es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en 2012 14 millones de casos nuevos y 8,2 millones de muertes.Se demostró que los pacientes en tratamiento, cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia tienen niveles altos de cortisol que influye en su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el estrés, a nivel de cortisol y las estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a tratamiento. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional realizado junio a diciembre del 2019. Resultados epidemiológicos: 68.2% mujeres 31.8 % hombres, entre 17 y 76 años, con diagnósticos de: Ca mama (30.3%), de próstata (18.3), colon (15.2), pulmón (13.6), cervical (12.1% gástrico (9.1%) cáncer de piel (1.5%). Estadísticos: El 35,3% informaron cortisol a niveles normales y 64.5% niveles altos; el estrés obtuvo un promedio de 13.9 (DE = 4.64). Sobre el nivel de cortisol y el tipo de tratamiento, se observaron diferencias significativas (X2 = 1,546, p = .04), es decir, el paciente que tienen un tratamiento mixto el cortisol es más alto.Conclusiones: Es importante reevaluar las estrategias centradas en el problema, analizar implicaciones y proponer estudios en el contexto en que se desenvuelven, en futuro desarrollar una Enfermería GlobalNº 60 Octubre 2020Página 197intervención incluyendo actividades de enfermería en la quimioterapia y radioterapia, apoyando estrategias de afrontamiento efectivas. En este sentido y derivado de la minimización de amenazas centradas en el problema, es importante tener un enfoque integral más profundo.
Open Access
Daily rhythms of acute stress responses and antioxidant systems in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): effects of the time of the year
(Elsevier, 2024-04-15) Samorì, Elisa; Rodríguez, Inmaculada; Paullada Salmerón, José Antonio; Sánchez Alacid, Laura; Muñoz Cueto, José Antonio; Sánchez Vázquez, Francisco Javier; López Olmeda, José Fernando; Fisiología
Fish reared in aquaculture face various acute stressors, including air exposure during handling. Research on the stress response in fish can provide essential insights into their physiology and help define better aquaculture practices. In this study, we investigated the daily rhythms in the stress-axis response of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) subjected to an acute stressor consisting of air exposure (1 min), and how this response is influenced by the time of the day and the season of the year. In addition, rhythms in antioxidant systems were also assessed. The experiments were performed in late Autumn (December) and late Spring (June), with natural photoperiod (10 L:14D and 15 L:9D, respectively) and water temperature (ranging from 19.47 ± 0.17 °C in December to 22.13 ± 0.13 °C in June). Samples were collected throughout a 24-h cycle at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0.5, 4, 7.5, 12, 16, 20, and 24.5 h at both seasons. At each sampling point, an untreated control (CTRL) group was sampled, while a STRESS group was exposed to air for one minute, returned to the tank, and sampled one hour later. Fish were sacrificed to collect plasma samples, hypothalamus and liver. Plasma samples were analyzed for cortisol, glucose, and lactate. In the hypothalamus, the mRNA expression levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) and crh-binding protein (crh-bp) were quantified using quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). In the liver, genes related to antioxidant systems (catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione peroxidase,and glutathione reductase) and mitochondrial markers of stress (uncoupling protein 1, cytochrome c oxidase IV and peroxiredoxin3) were also analyzed by qPCR. The results revealed that most stress indicators (cortisol, cat, sod1, gsh-px, gsr, ucp1, coxIV) displayed daily rhythms. Furthermore, the stress response was significantly influenced by the time of day and the season in which the stressor was applied. In June, cortisol and glucose responses to stress were higher during the day than at night. The increase observed after stress in genes related to the antioxidant system was more significant in June than in December. Conversely, the response of mitochondrial markers was greater in December. Taken together, these findings highlight that the stress response of the European sea bass is time-dependent, both on a daily and a seasonal basis. This emphasizes the importance of considering cyclic environmental factors and circadian rhythms in aquaculture procedures to enhance fish welfare.
Open Access
El dilema de lo orgánico y lo social en las emociones deportivas
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2014) Yuste Lucas, Juan Luis; Alonso Roque, José Ignacio; Gea García, Gemma María; Ureña Ortín, Nuria
La relación entre las emociones y variables fisiológicas es un hecho cada vez más investigado en el ámbito físico-deportivo. Así, el presente trabajo, fruto de una revisión bibliográfica, tiene como objetivo analizar aquellos estudios que han acometido investigaciones sobre posibles correlaciones, positivas o negativas, habidas entre las emociones y parámetros biológicos. En este sentido, y a nivel hormonal, se analiza la relación existente entre el cortisol y el estrés psicofisiológico, donde dicha hormona es un factor que puede ser utilizado como un indicador del estado emocional, y en el que una prolongada situación de emocional negativa puede conllevar a un estado de enfermedad pisco-física. Del análisis sobre la actividad electroencefalográfica y las emociones, apuntar una estrecha relación entre ambas, llegándose a construir verdaderas bases de datos de emociones como consecuencia de señales fisiológicas. Por otra parte, también encontramos estrechos la-zos entre la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y el estado de ánimo. Por último, también se analizan trabajos que han investigado sobre la relación entre la composición corporal y el psicotipo, hallando una correlación entre emoción positiva y tipo de somatotipo
Open Access
Disincronía circadiana y su efecto sobre parámetros de síndrome metabólico en trabajadores: revisión integradora de la literatura
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2021) Zepeda Ríos, Paola Alexandra; Quintana Zavala, María Olga
Introducción: La pérdida del ritmo circadiano causado por desórdenes del sueño es considerada un factor de riesgo importante para desarrollar enfermedades metabólicas como hiperglicemia y resistencia a la insulina. Objetivo: Analizar la literatura existente referente a estudios sobre disincronía circadiana en trabajadores y su influencia sobre parámetros antropométricos de síndrome metabólico de los mismos. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos electrónicas EBSCO, Thompson Reuters, PubMed y Scopus, los términos de búsqueda seleccionados fueron: trabajo por turnos, melatonina, cortisol, síndrome metabólico, trabajo nocturno y ritmo circadiano, en los idiomas español e inglés, publicados de enero del 2015 a diciembre de 2018. La extracción se llevó a cabo utilizando un formulario prediseñado. Resultados: La búsqueda en las bases de datos arrojó 5,953 artículos, posterior a la indagación y depuración de los mismos aplicando los criterios de elegibilidad, se obtuvieron 13 artículos los cuales se organizaron en dos dimensiones para su análisis, estas se denominaron a) trabajo en turnos y factores de riesgo metabólico y b) trabajo en turnos y ciclo circadiano. Conclusiones: Es consistente la relación entre el trabajo nocturno o rotatorio, con diversas alteraciones metabólicas.
Open Access
Effectiveness of a mindfulness Intervention program on different indicators of stress and anxiety in primary school students aged 9 to 12 years
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Pérez Segoviano, Luz Elvira; Aguilar-Zavala, Herlinda; Hidalgo, Vanesa; Villada, Carolina; Sin departamento asociado
Introduction: Late childhood or preadolescence is an important period of development in which high levels of anxiety and stress can occur due to physical and psychological changes; the efficacy of interventions such as mindfulness in reducing stress and anxiety at these ages has been under-examined. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mind-fulness intervention program on different indicators of stress and anxiety in primary school students aged 9 to 12 years belonging to a public primary school. Method: through a longitudinal and quasi-experimental study, 125 children were evaluated in anxiety (STAIC), Stress (IIEC), emotional va-lence, arousal, perceived self-control (SAM), and salivary cortisol, before, during, and after the intervention (14 sessions in 5 weeks, three sessions a week, 40 minutes/session). The child population was made up of sixty-three children who participated in an intervention group, and sixty-two children were enrolled in the control group (waist list). Results: After the in-tervention, a noteworthy decrease in the levels of perceived stress at school, arousal, and cortisol in saliva was observed. Conclusions: Mindful-ness appears to be an appropriate tool for reducing perceived stress, par-ticularly in the school setting, as it reduces perceived arousal and lowers cortisol levels after one month of intervention.
Open Access
Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on nutritional, functional and frailty biomarkers of people living in nursing homes. a prospective study
(SAGE Publications, 2023-05-15) Oliveira, Adriana C. De Souza; Gómez Martínez, Carmelo; López Mongil, Rosa; Moreno Molina, Jorge; Hernández Morante, Juan José; Echevarría Pérez, Paloma; Gómez Gallego, María; Atención Sociosanitaria
Abstract Background: Nursing home residences suffered a lockdown from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study prospectively evaluates the frailty, functional, and nutritional statuses of nursing home residents. Methods: Three hundred and one residents from three nursing homes took part in the study. Frailty status was measured using the FRAIL scale. Functional status was evaluated using the Barthel Index. Additionally, Short Physical Performance Batter (SPPB), SARC-F, hand grip strength, and gait speed were also evaluated. Nutritional status was determined using the mini nutritional assessment test (MNA) and several anthropometrical and biochemical markers. Results: Mini Nutritional Assessment test scores decreased in 20% throughout the confinement (p < .001). Barthel index, SPPB and SARC-F scores also decreased, although to a lesser extent, reflecting a decrease in functional capacity. However, both anthropometric parameters, hand grip strength and gait speed, remained stable throughout confinement (p > .050 in all cases). Morning cortisol secretion significantly decreased by 40% from baseline to post-confinement. A significant reduction in daily cortisol variability was observed, which may suggest increased distress. Fifty-six residents died during the period of confinement (81.4% survival rate). Sex, FRAIL and Barthel Index scores were significant predictors of resident survival. Conclusion: After the first COVID-19 blockade, several alterations in residents’ frailty markers were observed, which were small and potentially reversible. However, many of the residents were pre-frail after the lockdown. This fact highlights the need for preventive strategies to reduce the impact of future social and physical stressors on these vulnerable individuals.
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Effects of stress on emotional memory in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and in healthy elderly
(Cambridge University Press, 2017-12-14) Gómez García, Juan; Gómez Gallego, María; Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa
Objective: We aimed at examining the relation between stress markers (cortisol levels and state anxiety) with memory for emotional information in AD patients and in healthy elderly. Design, Setting, and participants: Baseline and changes in stress markers during memory testing were assessed in a sample of 98 elderly (46 mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease patients and 52 controls) recruited from dementia day centers and adult day centers, respectively. Measurements: Salivary cortisol, state anxiety, and measures of immediate recall and delayed recognition using the International Affective Pictures System. Results: Patients’ performance in memory tasks was not associated with either cortisol levels or anxiety. In controls, quadratic and linear associations were found between cortisol and immediate recall scores (total and bias, respectively). Besides, quadratic and linear associations were observed between anxiety and delayed recognition scores (total and bias, respectively). Conclusions: The emotional memory of patients with Alzheimer´s disease is not related to stress markers as healthy older adults’ is. Future studies that include moderating variables are needed to explain the lack of association.
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Effects of stress on emotional memory in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and in healthy elderly
(Cambridge University Press, 2017-12-14) Gómez García, Juan; Gómez Gallego, María; Atención Sociosanitaria
Objective: We aimed at examining the relation between stress markers (cortisol levels and state anxiety) with memory for emotional information in AD patients and in healthy elderly. Design, Setting, and participants: Baseline and changes in stress markers during memory testing were assessed in a sample of 98 elderly (46 mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease patients and 52 controls) recruited from dementia day centers and adult day centers, respectively. Measurements: Salivary cortisol, state anxiety, and measures of immediate recall and delayed recognition using the International Affective Pictures System. Results: Patients’ performance in memory tasks was not associated with either cortisol levels or anxiety. In controls, quadratic and linear associations were found between cortisol and immediate recall scores (total and bias, respectively). Besides, quadratic and linear associations were observed between anxiety and delayed recognition scores (total and bias, respectively). Conclusions: The emotional memory of patients with Alzheimer´s disease is not related to stress markers as healthy older adults’ is. Future studies that include moderating variables are needed to explain the lack of association.
Open Access
Enhancing effects of acute psychosocial stress on priming of non-declarative memory in healthy young adults
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2012) Espín López, Laura; Hidalgo, Vanesa; Villada, Carolina; Almela, Mercedes; Gómez Amor, Jesús; Salvador, Alicia; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia
Social stress affects cognitive processes in general, and memory performance in particular. However, the direction of these effects has not been clearly established, as it depends on several factors. Our aim was to determine the impact of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity to psychosocial stress on short-term non-declarative memory and declarative memory performance. Fifty-two young participants (18 men, 34 women) were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) and a control condition in a crossover design. Implicit memory was assessed by a priming test, and explicit memory was assessed by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). The TSST provoked greater salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) responses than the control task. Men had a higher cortisol response to stress than women, but no sex differences were found for sAA release. Stress was associated with an enhancement of priming but did not affect declarative memory. Additionally, the enhancement on the priming test was higher in those whose sAA levels increased more in response to stress (r48 1⁄4 0.339, p 1⁄4 0.018). Our results confirm an effect of acute stress on priming, and that this effect is related to SNS activity. In addition, they suggest a different relationship between stress biomarkers and the different memory systems.
Open Access
Evaluation of the effect of a live interview in journalism students on salivary stress biomarkers and conventional stress scales
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022-02-09) Roca Marín, Delfina; Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Franco Martínez, Lorena; Contreras Aguilar, María Dolores; Bernal Gambín, Luis Jesús; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Rojo Villada, Pedro Antonio; Martínez Subiela, Silvia; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Comunicación; Facultades de la UMU::Comunicación y Documentación
A career in journalism can be very stressful, as journalists frequently have to deal with uncontrolled situations such as conducting live interviews. Therefore, training is essential during their career, both for the development of communication skills and for the improvement of the real and effective capacity to perform the tasks of their professional activity. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of stress in students before and after a practical training in a professional television set using subjective (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Likert scale) and objective (salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase) methods. The results indicate that a live interview produces stress in the students as revealed by increased concentrations of cortisol and alpha amylase in saliva. Furthermore, students with lower initial concentrations of these biomarkers obtained better grades in evaluation, suggesting that greater control of anticipatory stress could be associated with a better activity performance.
Open Access
Feeding entrainment of locomotor activity rhythms, digestive enzymes and neuroendocrine factors in goldfish
(2007) Vera, L.M.; De Pedro, N.; Gómez Milán, E.; Delgado, M.J.; Sánchez Muros, M.J.; Madrid, J.A.; Sánchez Vázquez, F.J.; Fisiología
L.M. VERA, N. DE PEDRO, E. GÓMEZ-MILÁN, M.J. DELGADO, M.J. SÁNCHEZ MUROS, J.A. MADRID, F.J. SÁNCHEZ-VÁZQUEZ. Feeding entrainment of locomotor activity, digestive enzymes and neuroendocrine factors in goldfish. PHYSIOL BEHAV 90 (2-3) 518-524, 2007. The existence of food anticipatory activity (FAA) in animals subjected to daily feeding schedules seems to be mediated by a feeding-entrainable oscillator (FEO). Such an FEO may help in anticipating meal time and so optimizing food acquisition and nutrient utilization. In this study we investigated the existence of FAA and whether digestive enzymes, plasma cortisol, hypothalamic NPY and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and plasma melatonin were entrained by periodic feeding in goldfish. We observed that periodically fed goldfish showed FAA in locomotor activity as well as in amylase and NPY. Alkaline protease and GIT melatonin were higher after feeding, whereas plasma cortisol levels were reduced. Plasma melatonin remained unmodified before and after meal time. These results suggested that scheduled feeding entrained both behavioral and certain physiological patterns in goldfish, FAA being of adaptive value to anticipate a meal and prepare the digestive physiology of fish.
Open Access
Fisiología de los ritmos circadianos: regulación temporal del organismo y sincronización de las funciones biológicas
(2026-05-08) Victoria Montesinos, Desirée ; Mateo Orcajada, Adrián; Fisiología
La fisiología de los ritmos circadianos estudia cómo el organismo regula sus funciones biológicas siguiendo ciclos de aproximadamente 24 horas. Estos ritmos están controlados por un reloj biológico central situado en el núcleo supraquiasmático del hipotálamo, que se sincroniza principalmente con la luz ambiental. Gracias a este sistema, procesos como el sueño, la temperatura corporal, la secreción hormonal, el metabolismo, el apetito y el estado de alerta se ajustan al ciclo día-noche, favoreciendo la homeostasis y la adaptación del organismo al entorno.
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Long-term social isolation in the adulthood results in CA1 shrinkage and cognitive impairment
(Elsevier, 2013-07-15) Pereda-Pérez, Inmaculada; Baño-Otalora, Beatriz; Madrid, Juan Antonio; Rol, María Ángeles; Venero, Cesar; Popovic, Natalija; Popovic Popovic, Miroljub; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología
Social isolation in adulthood is a psychosocial stressor that can result in endocrinological and behavioral alterations in different species. In rodents, controversial results have been obtained in fear conditioning after social isolation at adulthood, while neural substrates underlying these differences are largely unknown. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its polysialylated form (PSA-NCAM) are prominent modulators of synaptic plasticity underlying memory processes in many tasks, including fear conditioning. In this study, we used adult female Octodon degus to investigate the effects of long-term social isolation on contextual and cued fear conditioning, and the possible modulation of the synaptic levels of NCAM and PSA-NCAM in the hippocampus. After 6½ months of social isolation, adult female degus showed a normal auditory-cued fear memory, but a deficit in contextual fear memory, a hippocampal dependent task. Subsequently, we observed reduced hippocampal synaptic levels of PSA-NCAM in isolated compared to grouped-housed female degus. No significant differences were found between experimental groups in hippocampal levels of the three main isoforms of NCAM (NCAM180, NCAM140 and NCAM120). Interestingly, social isolation reduced the volume of the hippocampal CA1 subfield, without affecting the volume of the CA3 subregion or the total hippocampus. Moreover, attenuated body weight gain and reduced number of granulocytes were detected in isolated animals. Our findings indicate for the first time, that long-term social isolation of adult female animals induces a specific shrinkage of CA1 and a decrease in synaptic levels of PSA-NCAM in the hippocampus. These effects may be related to the deficit in contextual fear memory observed in isolated female degus.
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Measurement of cortisol, cortisone and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in hair of sows during different phases of the reproductive cycle
(Elsevier, 2020-04-29) López Arjona, Marina; Tecles, Fernando; Mateo, Sandra V; Contreras Aguilar, María Dolores; Martínez Miró, Silvia; Cerón, José J.; Martínez Subiela, Silvia; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
Two sensitive assays based on AlphaLISA technology were developed and validated for the measurement of cortisol and cortisone in hair of pigs, that also enabled estimation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity. These assays were applied to hair samples from sows (n = 32) collected at 5 days before, and at 23 and 59 after farrowing, in reproductive cycles in two different periods: spring-summer (n = 16) and winter-spring (n = 16). The assays were precise (imprecision <12%) and accurate (recovery range, 80-115%) for cortisol and cortisone determination. Hair cortisone concentrations and the cortisone/cortisol ratio (an estimate of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme type 2 activity) increased after farrowing more than cortisol, being these changes of higher magnitude during periods of higher atmospheric temperature. The measurement of hair cortisone concentrations and estimations of the activity of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme type 2, measured by the assays developed in this study, are complementary biomarkers to hair cortisol, and can increase at periods associated with stress, such as farrowing and lactation, especially at high atmospheric temperatures
Open Access
Polimorfismo corto del gen del transportador de la serotonina (5-HTTLPR) y su asociación con la respuesta al estrés mediada por cortisol: un meta-análisis
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Editum, 2014-05) Agüero-Tejado, Emiliano
Varios estudios han sido llevados a cabo para analizar el papel del polimorfismo corto del transportador de la serotonina (5-HTTLPR) en la respuesta al estrés psicosocial mediado por cortisol, habiéndose encontrado resultados contradictorios. Con el fin de sintetizar y analizar la información disponible acerca del papel del polimorfismo corto del gen 5-HTTLPR en la respuesta al estrés se ha realizado este meta-análisis. Se realizó un meta-análisis de estudios publicados hasta noviembre de 2011 sin restricción de idioma, donde se analizaba el efecto del polimorfismo corto del 5-HTTLPR en la respuesta de cortisol durante un protocolo inductor de estrés. Se recogieron los valores F o p genotipo publicados como estimadores de la diferencia entre grupos, así como el signo de esta diferencia para su análisis. El meta-análisis global no mostró asociación significativa entre la presencia del alelo corto y una diferente respuesta al estrés psicosocial. Tras comparar los subgrupos de estudios donde sometía a los participantes a una intervención emocionalmente neutral frente a una intervención emocionalmente negativa, se encontraron diferencias significativas. En el subgrupo de estudios donde los pacientes fueron sometidos durante la intervención a un ambiente emocionalmente negativo, se observó una significativamente mayor liberación de cortisol por parte de aquellos sujetos portadores del alelo corto. Esta asociación no se observó en el subgrupo neutral.
Open Access
La ratio interdigital D2:D4 y su relación con otros indicadores de androgenización en progenitores de personas con trastornos del espectro autista
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Editum, 2013-01) Romero-Martínez, Ángel; de Andrés-García, Sara; Sariñana-González, Patricia; Sanchis-Calatayud, M.V.; Roa, Juan M.; González-Bono, Esperanza; Moya-Albiol, L.
La ratio D2:D4 es el cociente entre la longitud de los dedos índice y anular e indicador indirecto de androgenización. A mayor testosterona prenatal,incrementa la probabilidad de desarrollar una menor ratio D2:D4. Se ha sugerido que personas con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) y sus progenitores podrían tener cerebros altamente androgenizados, por lo que se ha utilizado como marcador de tal idiosincrasia. El objetivo principal es analizar si los progenitores de personas con TEA difieren de la población general en diversos parámetros de androgenización, principalmente la ratio D2:D4. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 43 progenitores de personas con TEA y 42 controles, de los que se midieron la ratio D2:D4, cuestionarios rasgo y niveles de testosterona y cortisol en saliva. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias por grupo en la ratio D2:D4, la ratio de la mano izquierda de progenitores de personas con TEA mostró mayor capacidad predictiva para explicar los cocientes de empatía y autismo, conductas cooperativas y niveles de cortisol. Además, en los progenitores varones predijo la gravedad de los hijos. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la ratio D2:D4 podría ser empleada, junto a otros parámetros, como indicador de la probabilidad de desarrollar rasgos autistas en los descendientes.
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Relationship between plasma biochemistry values and metal concentrations in nesting olive ridley sea turtles
(Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, 2018-10-30) Cortés-Gómez, Adriana A.; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Girondot, Marc; Tecles, Fernando; Romero, Diego; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
A hundred nesting olive ridley turtles were sampled to determine biochemical parameters (ALP, AST, ALT, creatinine, albumin, cholesterol, glucose, proteins, triglycerides, urea, and P-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activity). Esterase activity (EA) is a new biomarker very sensitive to metals. Most of the samples showed detectable levels. We also analyzed the concentration of 11 inorganic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, Se, and Zn), some of them previously reported with very high concentrations in this population (especially cadmium with 82 and 150 μgg−1 ww in liver and kidney, respectively). Cadmium presented two negative relationships with creatinine and glucose. Some other understudied elements, Sr and Ti, for instance, presented five and four significant relationships with some biochemical parameters, respectively (most of them positive). EA was the parameter with most negative relationships (with Pb, Ti, As, Cr, and Se), reinforcing the results of other researchers in humans regarding the possible inhibition of EA by metals.
Open Access
Respuestas psicobiológicas en profesores al inicio y al final de un curso académico
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Editum, 2013-05) Serrano, Miguel A.; Moya-Albiol, Luís; Salvador, Alicia
La evidencia científica indica que el estrés laboral incrementa el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Las respuestas emocionales, cardiovasculares y endocrinas se ven afectadas por la experiencia diaria. La percepción de estrés, el estado de ánimo negativo, la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y la presión arterial (PA) incrementan en los periodos laborales. La respuesta del cortisol (C) no es tan clara, existiendo resultados contradictorios. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en profesores los marcadores de estrés durante dos jornadas laborales. Además se evaluó el papel del género en la respuesta de estrés en 49 profesores. Para ello, se midió la percepción de estrés, el estado de ánimo, la PA, la FC y el C al inicio y al final de un curso escolar. Los resultados muestran que las respuestas psicológicas y de FC fueron mayores al final de curso, especialmente en hombres. La PA y el C descendieron al final de curso. En conclusión, un curso académico podría afectar negativamente al estado emocional y a los niveles de FC de los profesores.
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Salivary alpha-amylase response to acute psychosocial stress: the impact of age
(Elsevier, 2011-07) Espín López, Laura; Almela, Mercedes; Hidalgo, Vanesa; Villada, Carolina; Meij, Leander van der; Gómez Amor, Jesús; Salvador, Alicia; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia
The impact of stress on health varies across the different stages of human life. Aging is associated with psychobiological changes that could limit our ability to cope with stressors. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the physiological mechanisms that underlie the stress response and the changes that occur in them as we age. Our aim was to investigate age differences in the salivary alpha amylase (sAA) response to stress, and its relationship with other typical stress biomarkers such as cortisol and heart rate (HR). Sixty-two participants divided into two age groups (younger group: N = 31, age range: 18–35 years; older group: N = 31, age range: 54–71 years) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test and a control condition in a crossover design. No age differences were found in the sAA or HR responses to stress. However, the sAA global output was higher in older than younger adults. Additionally, in the stress condition, the total amount of cortisol released was positively related to the total sAA released, while the HR increase was positively related to the sAA increase. Our results do not support the existence of an attenuated autonomic nervous system response to stress in older adults, but rather a heightened sympathetic tone. Furthermore, we found further evidence of the coordination between the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal system and the autonomic nervous system in their response to acute psychosocial stress.