Browsing by Subject "Coinfection"

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    Coinfection is an important factor in epidemiological studies: the first serosurvey of the aoudad (Ammotragus lervia)
    (Springer, 2008-11-20) González Candela, Mónica; Serrano Ferron, Emmanuel; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Martín Atance, Pablo; Cubero Pablo, María José; Alonso de Vega, Francisco-Domingo; León Vizcaíno, Luis; Sanidad Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
    Despite being considered an invasive ungulate outside its native range (North Africa), little information exists regarding the role of the aoudad (also called Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia) as a pathogen reservoir. Furthermore, in most epidemiological surveys the potential role of coinfections (e.g. a first infection may make the host more immuno-competent or susceptible against a second pathogen) as a risk factor is often neglected. In this study we first performed a serological survey for selected pathogens (Mycobacterium bovis, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Chlamydophila abortus, bovine viral diarrhoea/border disease viruses (BVDV-BDV), Salmonella spp., Brucella melitensis and Toxoplasma gondii) on free (n = 66) and captive (n = 25) aoudad from south-east Spain. Then, by using Akaike’s information criterion, we evaluated the importance of coinfection in two statistical models that included the effects of population, age, and sex. Our results show that neither free nor captive aoudad had antibodies against Brucella melitensis, Chlamydophila abortus, or BVDV-BDV. However, compared to other wild ungulates in Spain, aoudads have high prevalence of antibodies against M. bovis (free = 49.5%; captive = 8%), very high prevalence of antibodies against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (free = 19.4%; captive = 56%), and intermediate prevalence of antibodies against Salmonella spp. (free = 13.4%; captive = 0%) or T. gondii (free = 1.5%; captive = 24%). Although the additive effects of population and age were included in our set of selected models, coinfection was the most influential factor to detect antibodies response against mycobacterials and salmonella infections. The direction of this influence could be exclusion of disease between tuberculosis and paratuberculosis seroreactor animals, or enhanced susceptibility to disease between tuberculosis and salmonella seroreactor animals. In conclusion, we believe that wildlife managers must pay more attention to the potential risk posed by aoudads as hosts (and probably reservoirs) of paratuberculosis and tuberculosis mycobacterials, while epidemiologists should be more aware of coinfection as an important factor in epidemiological surveys, especially in wildlife populations where multiple infections are common.
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    Estudio clínico-epidemiológico de la coinfección TB-VIH en municipio prioridad: análisis de 10 años
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de publicaciones, 2020) de Oliveira Sena, Inara Viviane; Carneiro Flôr, Sandra Maria; Wellington Dourado Júnior, Francisco; Bomfim de Araújo, Mariana; Rodrigues Viana, Rafaela; Dantas Almeida, Priscilla
    Objetivo: Conocer el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de TB / VIH en municipio prioridad de el Ceará. Método: Estudio descriptivo, epidemiológico, realizado a través de la recolección de datos. Recolección realizada en octubre de 2019 para los años 2009 a 2019. Se utilizaron las variables grupo de edad, sexo, educación, raza, forma clínica, cierre de casos, terapia antirretroviral. Los datos fueron tomados de SINAN (Sistema de Información para Enfermedades de Notificación), la tabulación se realizó en el software Tabwin y luego los registros fueron transportados a Excel. Resultados: Se registraron 71 casos de coinfección TB-VIH, lo que corresponde al 4,28% de los casos de tuberculosis en el municipio. Del análisis de la base de datos sobre los casos notificados, en 2014 se identificó la mayor proporción de casos (6,72%), seguido del año 2013 (6,43%). Es de destacar que a partir de 2017, hay una disminución en los casos en el municipio. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que, durante el período investigado, el 4,3% de las personas con TB tuvieron coinfección con VIH, lo que muestra su relevancia epidemiológica como una comorbilidad con un gran impacto en la salud pública.