Browsing by Subject "Cognitive training"

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    Cognitive training therapy improves the effect of hypocaloric treatment on subjects with overweight/obesity: a randomised clinical trial
    (MDPI, 2019-04-24) Galindo Muñoz, Joaquín S.; Morillas Ruiz, Juana María; Díaz Soler, Inmaculada; Barberá Ortega, María del Carmen; Hernández Morante, Juan José; Martínez Cáceres, Carlos Manuel; Gómez Gallego, María; Atención Sociosanitaria
    Abstract: Obesity has been associated with impaired cognitive performance. This study aimed to determine whether improvements in cognitive function may contribute to higher weight loss in patients with obesity. In this randomised, 12-week trial, participants with overweight/obesity were randomised into a cognitive training intervention (Cognitive) group or a cognitive-behavioural (Control) group. In addition, both groups followed a hypocaloric dietary treatment. Cognitive functioning measurements and anthropometrical parameters were evaluated. All cognitive measures improved in the intervention group (p < 0.005 in all contrasts). In controls, significant improvements in attention, flexibility and task planning were also observed. Regarding anthropometrical parameters, the effect of the intervention in the cognitive group was higher for the total percentage of weight loss, body mass index (BMI), body fat and waist circumference. Biochemical parameters improved in both groups. Attending to our data, cognitive training was more effective that the hypocaloric intervention alone, partly related to an improvement in the working memory. Despite the shortage of training interventions for executive functions in the context of weight control, this type of combined intervention could establish the first steps towards a more appropriate intervention for patients with obesity.
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    Entrenamiento cognitivo y mejora de la memoria prospectiva en jóvenes con retraso mental leve
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2008-01-01) Meilán, J. J. G.; Salgado, V. M; Arana, J. Mª; Carro, Juan; Jenaro, C.
    Hemos realizado un estudio experimental para analizar la efectividad de un programa de entrenamiento cognitivo en personas con retraso mental leve. El entrenamiento pretende mejorar la ejecución de la memoria intencional o prospectiva por ser este uno de los elementos esenciales en la adaptación a la vida diaria y el mantenimiento de la autonomía personal y social. El estudio contó con 23 participantes de un centro educativo de Portugal. A la mitad se les evaluó su ejecución en memoria prospectiva antes y después de aplicarles un programa de entrenamiento específico de los procesos cognitivo implicados en la memoria prospectiva (procesos de memoria, atención sostenida, ejecutivos, etc.). La otra mitad continuó con sus actividades académicas normales tras la evaluación inicial. Comprobamos en una segunda evaluación seis meses más tarde que el grupo que recibió el entrenamiento cognitivo mejoró significativamente su ejecución en tareas prospectivas basadas en un evento. Hecho que no ocurrió con el grupo de jóvenes del grupo control.
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    Transparency in Cognitive Training Meta-analyses: A Meta-review
    (Springer Nature, 2024-04-19) López Nicolás, Rubén; Sandoval Lentisco, Alejandro; Tortajada Gomariz, Miriam; López López, José Antonio; Sánchez Meca, Julio; Psicología Básica y Metodología; Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia
    Meta-analyses often present flexibility regarding their inclusion criteria, outcomes of interest, statistical analyses, and assessments of the primary studies. For this reason, it is necessary to transparently report all the information that could impact the results. In this meta-review, we aimed to assess the transparency of meta-analyses that examined the benefits of cognitive training, given the ongoing controversy that exists in this field. Ninety-seven meta-analytic reviews were included, which examined a wide range of populations with different clinical conditions and ages. Regarding the reporting, information about the search of the studies, screening procedure, or data collection was detailed by most reviews. However, authors usually failed to report other aspects such as the specific meta-analytic parameters, the formula used to compute the effect sizes, or the data from primary studies that were used to compute the effect sizes. Although some of these practices have improved over the years, others remained the same. Moreover, examining the eligibility criteria of the reviews revealed a great heterogeneity in aspects such as the training duration, age cut-offs, or study designs that were considered. Preregistered meta-analyses often specified poorly how they would deal with the multiplicity of data or assess publication bias in their protocols, and some contained non-disclosed deviations in their eligibility criteria or outcomes of interests. The findings shown here, although they do not question the benefits of cognitive training, illustrate important aspects that future reviews must consider.