Browsing by Subject "Cluster analysis"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    A new look to the tourism and economic growth nexus: a clustering and panel causality analysis
    (Wiley, 2023-09) Albaladejo Pina, Isabel Pilar; Brida, Juan Gabriel; González Martínez, María Isabel; Segarra Salgueiro, Verónica; Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa
    This paper explores the dynamic relationship between tourism and economic growth using panel data for 144 countries over the period 1995–2019. The study was carried out in two steps. First, the set of countries was classified by considering simultaneously two criteria, tourism and the economic development of the countries over time. Two classifications of homogeneous countries with four clusters each are obtained using a non-parametric methodology and two tourism indicators. Second, the Granger causality was tested for each of the identified groups and the entire sample. The results determined that there were significant differences between clusters and that causality from tourism to economic growth could only be verified for the group of countries with low income and low tourism. This relationship was confirmed by estimating impulse response functions, which showed a positive response of economic growth to innovations in tourism. The tourism sector could, therefore, be a way out of poverty and generate development and prosperity in low-income countries that are in the early stages of tourism developmen.
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    Burnout in the Skies : An Exploratory Study of Pilot Profiles and Related Psychosocial Variables
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025) Cuadrado, Esther; Obaid Al Nuaimi, Mohamed Yousuf; Marí-Núñez, María; Maldonado, Miguel A.; Jurado-Del-Pozo, José F.; Moyano, Manuel
    Burnout is a concern in any profession but is especially prevalent in physically demanding and highly responsible jobs such as aviation. Taking as a framework the multidimensional theories that identify three elements of burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy), and considering previous studies that suggests people who suffer from burnout do not form a homogeneous group, this work aims to identify profiles that reflect burnout subtypes in pilots, and to understand how theydiffer based on certain variables of interest. Through a cross-sectional study with non-probability snowball sampling, 164 airplane pilots (mean age = 39.31, SD= 10.4; 92.1% men) answered a questionnaire. The two-stage cluster analysis produced three profiles of pilots: the committed, the ineffective, and those who experience burnout. Comparison analysis by groups showed that a), a higher percentage of female pilots conformed to the burnout profile compared to men, b), a curvilinear relationship occurred between age, burnout, and committed profiles such that middle-aged pilots more frequently assumed the burnout profile and older pilots the compromised profile, and c), higher levels of resilience, positivity and security, and less stress and fewer work accidents accounted for the compromised profile more often than the burnout profile. In addition, no dif-ferences were found between the ineffective profile and the burnout profile in the levels of resilience, positivity, safety, or the number of accidents at work. These findings reveal the need to pay attention not only to pilots who fit the burnout profile, but also to those matching the ineffective profile
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    Concepciones y creencias del profesorado de secundaria sobre la evaluación en matemáticas
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2002) Gil Cuadra, Francisco; Rico Romero, Luis; Fernández Cano, Antonio
    This work describes and characterizes the conceptions and beliefs on mathematics' assessment sustained by Andalucian secondary teachers'. It is an exploratory study. Survey technique is used by meansof a closed muliiple-choice scale questionnaire applied to a sample of the siudied population (N = 163).Thedesign and production of the closed multiple-choice scale questionnaire are based on the empirical identification of teachers' opinions, the inductive generation of a theoretically founded system of categories usefui to classify such opinions, and the process control done by experts. A descriptive study of teachers' valuations establishes the level of acceptance for each category. Thefactoranalysis of the datalet us to detecta general factor that establishes the global conception sustained by the teachers on this topic. The general factor is structured by means of13 partial factors, whichshowseveral teachers' beliefs. The clusteranalysisof the teachers'factor scores allows to establihs thought tendencies with regard to the beliefs in assessment already detected.
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    Crop diversification practices in Europe: an economic cross-case study comparison
    (Springer, 2023-10-13) Zabala García, José Ángel; Martínez García, Victor; Martínez Paz, José Miguel; Lopez Becerra, Erasmo; Nasso, Marco; Díaz-Pereira, Elvira; Sánchez Navarro, Virginia; Álvaro Fuentes, Jorge; González Rosado, Manuel; Farina, Roberta; Di Bene, Claudia; Huerta, Esperanza; Jurrius, A.; Frey-Treseler, K.; Lóczy, D.; Fosci, L.; Blasi, Emanuele; Lehtonen, Heikki; Alcon, Francisco; Economía Aplicada
    Crop diversification practices (CDPs) are alternative strategies aimed to achieve sustainable cropping systems and food production overcoming the agro-environmental impacts of conventional cropping systems such as monoculture. Thus, this paper aims to improve the knowledge of implementing CDPs in different European pedoclimatic regions by assessing the economic performance at the farm level. CDPs are compared with conventional cropping systems and clustered in terms of their gross margin (GM) results and variations. Farm-level assessment shows that CDPs provide positive economic results, representing an adaptive management strategy for ecological transition, without compromising economic sustainability. Particularly, the main findings show that (1) the impact of diversification depends more on crop type than on the selected CDPs, (2) most farms exhibited a low GM with low economic impact, and (3) there is a great likelihood that the CDPs facilitate the buildup of more resilient farming systems.
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    European social models in times of crisis: Sapir's contribution reviewed
    (2018-04-09) Lafuente-Lechuga, Matilde; Faura-Martínez, Úrsula; García-Luque, Olga; Economía Aplicada
    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show evidence of the divergence of welfare outcomes in the European Union (EU) during the economic crisis, which made the European social model fail, and the convergence among European countries halt. This study reviews Sapir’s model for classifying European welfare state systems and adapts it to the new reality, taking into account Europe 2020 targets on poverty reduction and employment growth. Design/methodology/approach – Two variables are used in the application of Sapir’s graphical analysis to European social models: the employment rate as efficiency indicator, and the people At Risk Of Poverty and/or Exclusion rate as equity indicator. Both efficiency and equity are present in Europe 2020 targets. In addition, a cluster analysis is applied. Findings – The division of EU member states into four geopolitical social models has proved to be dynamic, changing in the period under analysis. As a consequence of the economic crisis and the fiscal consolidation, efficiency and equity levels across the EU are polarised between the Mediterranean and the Nordic models. Originality/value – This paper shows the effects of the economic crisis in the EU, analysing the evolution between 2008 and 2014, and incorporating Eastern Europe new member states into the analysis.
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    Exploración de tipologías hoteleras según el nivel de implementación de medidas de ahorro hídrico a través de un análisis cluster. El caso de Lloret de Mar (Costa Brava)
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2018) Gabarda Mallorquí, Ariadna; Ribas Palom, Anna
    En los últimos años, las investigaciones sobre el consumo de agua en hoteles han prestado especial atención en relacionar esta variable con diferentes factores explicativos de tipo estructural. Sin embargo, los factores organizativos que pueden influir y modular el consumo de agua han sido poco explorados. A partir de la realización de encuestas a establecimientos hoteleros de Lloret de Mar (España), el presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de conocer el nivel de implementación actual de medidas de ahorro hídrico y de analizar los incentivos y barreras que perciben los gestores a la hora de aplicar nuevas medidas. A partir de un análisis clúster, los resultados indican que existen acusadas diferencias entre estos establecimientos en función de su grado de proactividad, sensibilización ambiental y tecnificación, y de las motivaciones y barreras que explican el nivel de implementación de medidas de ahorro hídrico.
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    Gender equality models in the European Union
    (Emerald, 2022-07-19) López-Martínez, María; Riquelme Perea, Prudencio José; de Maya Matallana, Manuel ; Economía Aplicada
    Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current situation of the European Union in terms ofgender equality, researching the possible existence of models differentiated by groups of countries orconglomerates. For this, the indicator offered by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) has beenused, which includes six dimensions: work, money, knowledge, time, power and health.Design/methodology/approach–The Gender Equality Index is compared with an alternative indicatorthat has been developed using the same dimensions but with a different methodology. Specifically, the DP2distance measure has been applied, the use of which is common in studies focusing on well-being and quality oflife. In addition, a cluster analysis has been carried out that allows classifying the EU member states andobtaining groupings of countries according to the proximity between them in terms of equality between menand women.Findings–The results show that the most egalitarian countries are those of northern Europe, but withoutfinding the typical north–south classification. Thus, in the group of the least equal are many eastern countriesthat have recently joined the EU, along with other southern countries that have been part of the EU since itscreation, such as Italy. The classification of the countries resulting from applying one or the other methodologyis not identical although there are hardly any significant changes. The groups obtained in the years for whichinformation is available are also not altered, which reflects the structural nature of gender equality.Originality/value–This paper shows a division into four groups of countries according to gender equality,using different indicators and methodologies. The typology of countries has hardly altered during the lastdecade.