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    Changes in humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients compared to immunocompetent patients
    (Wiley, 2021-04-09) Caballero-Marcos, Aránzazu; Salcedo, Magdalena; Alonso-Fernández, Roberto; Rodriguez-Peralvarez, Manuel; Olmedo, María; Graus Morales, Javier; Cuervas-Mons, Valentín; Cachero, Alba; Loinaz-Segurola, Carmelo; Iñarrairaegui, Mercedes; Castells, Lluis; Pascual, Sonia; Vinaixa-Aunés, Carmen; Gonzalez-Grande, Rocio; Otero, Alejandra; Tomé, Santiago; Tejedor-Tejada, Javier; Álamo-Martínez, José María; González-Diéguez, Luisa; Nogueras-López, Flor; Blanco-Fernández, Gerardo; Muñoz-Bartolo, Gema; Bustamante, Francisco Javier; Fábrega, Emilio; Romero-Cristóbal, Mario; Martin-Mateos, Rosa; Del Rio-Izquierdo, Julia; Arias-Milla, Ana; Calatayud, Laura; Marcacuzco-Quinto, Alberto A.; Fernández-Alonso, Victor; Gómez-Gavara, Concepción; Colmenero, Jordi; Muñoz, Patricia; Pons Miñano, José Antonio; The Spanish Society of Liver Transplantation (SETH); Medicina
    The protective capacity and duration of humoral immunity after SARS-CoV- 2 infection are not yet understood in solid organ transplant recipients. A prospective multicenter study was performed to evaluate the persistence of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies liver transplant recipients 6 months after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resolution. A total of 71 liver transplant recipients were matched with 71 immunocompetent controls by a propensity score including variables with a well-known prognostic impact in COVID-19.Paired case–control data were also available in 62 liver transplant patients and 62 controls at month 3 after COVID-19. Liver transplant recipients showed a lower incidence of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at 3 months (77.4% vs. 100%, p < .001) and at 6 months (63.4% vs. 90.1%, p < .001). Lower levels of antibodies were also observed in liver transplant patients at 3 (p = .001) and 6 months (p < .001) after COVID-19. In transplant patients, female gender (OR = 13.49, 95% CI: 2.17–83.8), a longer interval since transplantation (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03–1.36), and therapy with renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system inhibitors (OR = 7.11, 95% CI: 1.47–34.50) were independently with persistence of antibodies beyond 6 months after COVID-19.Therefore, as compared with immunocompetent patients, liver transplant recipients show a lower prevalence of anti-SARS- CoV- 2 antibodies and more pronounced antibody levels decline.