Browsing by Subject "Clarithromycin"

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    Is Azithromycin the first-choice macrolide for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia?
    (Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2003-05-06) Sánchez, F.; Mensa, J.; Martínez, J.A.; García-Vázquez, Elisa; Marco, F.; González, J.; Marcos, F.A.; Soriano, A.; Torres, A.; Medicina
    Combination treatment with ab-lactam plus a macrolide may improve the outcome for elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The prognoses and mortality rates for elderly patients with CAP who receive ceftriaxone combined with a 3-day course of azithromycin or a 10-day course of clarithromycin were compared in an open-label, prospective study. Of 896 assessable patients, 220 received clarithromycin and 383 received azithromycin. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to the severity score defined by the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) study group; the incidence of bacteremia was also not significantly different. However, for patients treated with azithromycin, the length of hospital stay was shorter (mean+_ SD, 7.4+_5 vs 9.4+_7 days; P<.01) and the mortality rate was lower (3.6% vs. 7.2%; P<.05); compared with those treated with clarithromycin. There might be a difference in the outcome for patients with CAP depending on the macrolide used. A shorter treatment course with azithromycin may result in better compliance with therapy
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    Photodecomposition of antibiotics and their transformation products in wastewaters using ZnO and TiO2 with LED lamps
    (Elsevier, 2024-09-01) Martínez Escudero, Carmen Maria; Garrido, Isabel; Contreras, Fulgencio; Hellín, Pilar; Flores, Pilar; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Pastor Belda, Marta; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Fenoll, José; León Morán, Lixy Olinda; Química Analítica
    This work presents a study of the behavior of three antibiotics (erythromycin (ERY), clarithromycin (CLR) and sulfadiazine (SFZ)) and their transformation products (TPs), generated after photolytic and photocatalytic (TiO2 and ZnO) treatments, in wastewater irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diode (LED) lamps as light source. For this, an analytical methodology for the antibiotics and their TPs was developed. Thus, samples were treated by salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) and identification and quantification was carried out by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) and triple quadrupole (QqQ) analyzers, respectively. The results revealed the presence of 14, 13 and 5 TPs of ERY, CLR and SFZ, respectively, being found in wastewaters spiked with the antibiotics during photo-oxidation treatment. Subsequently, the established analytical method was also applied, in a real case, to study of behavior of these pharmaceuticals (0.2 mg L-1) and their TPs generated in wastewater during a photocatalytic treatment. In this case, 13, 11 and 2 TPs were tentatively identified ERY, CLR and SFZ, respectively. In addition, the photocatalytic treatment using TiO2 exhibited higher degradation rate than photocatalytic treatment using ZnO. The ECOSAR programme was used to estimate the potential ecotoxicity of the identified TPs. The results showed a potential hazard of SFZ, CLR, ERY and some of their TPs to aquatic organisms. Furthermore, some of the identified TPs were found to be more toxic than their parent compounds.