Browsing by Subject "Circadian rhythm"
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- PublicationOpen AccessAgeing of the circadian system. From monitoring to chronoenhancement.(Spanish Society of Anti-Ageing Medicine and Longevity (SEMAL), 2018-10) Martinez-Nicolas, A; Almaida Pagán, Pedro Francisco; Martinez-Madrid, M J; Argüelles, R; Ortega-Sabater, C; Fernandez-Ortiz, M; Costa, J. de; Madrid, J A; Rol, M A; Fisiología; Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus. IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain.; Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, SpainThe circadian system (CS) organizes the temporal order of all living beings. Its general structure is very similar among species and consists of receptors of the temporal information (inputs), a central pacemaker along with several peripheral clocks that depend on it (machinery), and a set of overt rhythms driven by the central clock (outputs). The CS ages like any other structure of the organism, this process being characterized by a poorer reception of the temporal information, a general impairment of the central pacemaker and a phase advance, fragmentation and dampening of the overt rhythms. In order to assess the functioning of the CS, some overt rhythms have been selected as markers since they mirror the activity of the central pacemaker. Some of the most used marker rhythms are those of melatonin and cortisol secretion, rest-activity and sleep-wake patterns, and core body and distal skin temperature. Nevertheless, these rhythms can be masked by external variables and thus, to simultaneously record several marker rhythms is recommended. As the CS ages, the ability of an organism to adjust the internal temporal order of physiological, biochemical and behavioural circadian rhythms to the environmental cycles is compromised and chronodisruption can appear, which is related with several diseases. Fortunately, there are some strategies that one person can follow in order to enhance the functioning of the CS: to increase the contrast between day and night (i.e. to exposure to bright days and dark nights), to have melatonin (if needed), to do regular exercise, to improve sleep and meal schedules or to increase social contacts.
- PublicationOpen AccessAssessing Chronotypes by Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring(Frontiers Media, 2019-11-20) Martinez-Nicolas, A; Martinez-Madrid, M J; Almaida Pagán, Pedro Francisco; Madrid, Juan A; Rol, M A; Bonmatí Carrión, María de los Ángeles; Fisiología; Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainIn order to develop objective indexes for chronotype identification by means of direct measurement of circadian rhythms, 159 undergraduate students were recruited as volunteers and instructed to wear ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) sensors that continuously gathered information on the individual’s environmental light and temperature exposure, wrist temperature, body position, activity, and the integrated TAP (temperature, activity, and position) variable for 7 consecutive days under regular freeliving conditions. Among all the proposed indexes, the night phase marker (NPM) of the TAP variable was the best suited to discriminate among chronotypes, due to its relationship with the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (b = 0.531; p < 0.001). The NPM of TAP allowed subjects to be classified as early- (E-type, 20%), neither- (N-type, 60%), and late-types (L-type, 20%), each of which had its own characteristics. In terms of light exposure, while all subjects had short exposure times to bright light (>100 lux), with a daily average of 93.84 5.72 min, the earlier chronotypes were exposed to brighter days and darker nights compared to the later chronotypes. Furthermore, the earlier chronotypes were associated with higher stability and day–night contrast, along with an earlier phase, which could be the cause or consequence of the light exposure habits. Overall, these data support the use of ACM for chronotype identification and for evaluation under free living conditions, using objective markers.
- PublicationRestrictedCircadian pattern of acute phase proteins in the saliva of growing pigs(Elsevier, 2013-05) Gutiérrez Montes, Ana María; Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Fuentes Rubio, María; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Producción AnimalThe circadian rhythm of the acute phase proteins (APPs) haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed in saliva samples from 18- and 21-week old pigs. Saliva was collected at 07.00, 11.00, 15.00 and 19.00 h on two consecutive days and the Hp and CRP concentrations were quantified using two species-specific, time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. Salivary Hp levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the morning compared to late afternoon (0.68 and 0.37 lg/mL, respectively) although the magnitude of the difference was much lower than is produced by inflammatory conditions. No significant differences were observed in CRP concentrations. Although the concentration of both APPs was higher in the 21- compared to the 18-week old pigs (P < 0.0001), no differences were observed in the circadian rhythm of these APPs when the two age groups were com- pared. Animal gender did not influence the circadian pattern of either APP, although the mean salivary CRP levels were higher in females (P < 0.05).
- PublicationOpen AccessCircadian transcriptome oscillations in human adipose tissue depend on napping status and link to metabolic and inflammatory pathways(Oxford University Press, 2024-07-12) Rodríguez Martín, María; Pérez Sanz, Fernando; Zambrano, Carolina; Luján, Juan; Ryden, Mikael; Scheer, Frank A. J. L.; Garaulet Aza, Marta; Fisiología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de BiologíaStudy Objectives Napping is a common habit in many countries. Nevertheless, studies about the chronic effects of napping on obesity are contradictory, and the molecular link between napping and metabolic alterations has yet to be studied. We aim to identify molecular mechanisms in adipose tissue (AT) that may connect napping and abdominal obesity. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we extracted the RNA repeatedly across 24 hours from cultured AT explants and performed RNA sequencing. Circadian rhythms were analyzed using six consecutive time points across 24 hours. We also assessed global gene expression in each group (nappers vs. non-nappers). Results With napping, there was an 88% decrease in the number of rhythmic genes compared to that in non-nappers, a reduction in rhythm amplitudes of 29%, and significant phase changes from a coherent unimodal acrophase in non-nappers, towards a scattered and bimodal acrophase in nappers. Those genes that lost rhythmicity with napping were mainly involved in pathways of glucose and lipid metabolism, and of the circadian clock. Additionally, we found differential global gene expression between nappers and non-nappers with 34 genes down- and 32 genes upregulated in nappers. The top upregulated gene (IER3) and top down-regulated pseudogene (VDAC2P2) in nappers have been previously shown to be involved in inflammation. Conclusions These new findings have implications for our understanding of napping’s relationship with obesity and metabolic disorders.
- PublicationRestrictedDetection of factors influencing circadian rhythms on Intensive Care inpatients and hospitalization: protocol for an observational study(Wiley, 2020-09-30) Padilla Martínez, Julia M.; Abad Corpa, Eva; Gea Sánchez, Montserrat; Casado Ramírez, Elvira; Rol de Lama, María de los Ángeles; Madrid, Juan Antonio; Moreno Casbas, María T.; FisiologíaAims Identify the prevalence of circadian health disorders in ICU and hospitalized patients. Stablish the relationship of the circadian system with light, temperature, noise and nursing activities. Background Commonly, self-assessment through subjective questionnaires is used for research about sleep quality. However, more reliable and valid measures should be applied objectively to find out the real prevalence of the problem. There is a negative relationship between circadian rhythms and hospitalization. In this study, we will analyse sleep patterns and hospital environments to implement measures to improve the quality of care related to sleep. Design Descriptive observational study. It is estimated that 975 patients from 13 hospitals need to be recruited from ICU and hospitalization units. The sample should meet the following criteria: Patients over 18 admitted to ICU and medical units, length of stay between 96–148 hr, with no visual, hearing or moderate-severe cognitive impairment. Variables: Sleep variables are collected with an electronic device (named Kronowise® and Kronobed®), circadian and infrared light exposure, environmental noise, temperature, unit structural characteristics, nursing care (from 0 to 6 a.m.) and, characteristics of hospitalization period. The study, registered on Clinical Trials, initiated in December 2019 and it will continue up to December 2022. Discussion Using objective and subjective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, this study will shed light on the factors that negatively affect the hospitalized patients’ sleep quality and circadian health. The ultimate goal is to design hospital guidelines to minimize the adverse effects on the dependent variables studied. Arguably, these guidelines will contribute to reducing the risk of these alterations and it will also serve to improve the nursing activities. Conclusion We expect to obtain adequate results for the creation of a protocol to improve the circadian health, quality of care and health outcomes related to sleep in patients.
- PublicationRestrictedEffects of cadmium on locomotor activity rhythms of the amphipod Gammarus aequicauda(Springer, 2011-04) Lloret, J.; Marín, A.; Sánche Vázquez, F. J.; Sánchez Morillo-Velarde, María Piedad; Biología Celular e HistologíaBehavioural responses are linked to complex biochemical and physiologic changes and may act as sensitive indicators of the sublethal effects of pollutants. This article investigates changes in the locomotor activity rhythms of the amphipod Gammarus aequicauda exposed to cadmium (Cd) as a model to study the effect of pollutants on an ecologically important species. Under a 12:12 h light-to-dark cycle, G. aequicauda showed a strict nocturnal rhythm, with 90.2 ± 0.4% of their total daily activity occurring during the night. Under constant darkness, circadian rhythms persisted for 10 days, with a mean periodicity of 24.32 h, thus confirming endogenous control. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of Cd (0.16, 0.20, 0.24, and 0.28 mg l−1) did not change the nocturnal activity patterns of G. aequicauda, although their swimming activity during the night was significantly decreased by exposure to concentrations of 0.24 and 0.28 mg Cd l−1. In conclusion, locomotor activity bioassays using the amphipod G. aequicauda appeared to be a sensitive indicator of Cd contamination, and sensitivity and tolerance to Cd in short-term bioassays may depend on the time of the day tests are carried out. These results provide further support for the idea that behavioural end points in amphipods are useful indicators of pollutant exposure and that future studies should take circadian rhythms into consideration.
- PublicationRestrictedFrom improved sleep regularity to reduced sleep complaints and mental health conditions: a population-based interventional study using a smartphone-based virtual agent(Oxford University Press, 2023-09) Coelho, Julien; Pecune, Florian; Levavasseur, Yannick; Sevin, Etienne de; D'incau, Emmanuel; Patricia Sagaspe, Patricia; Sánchez Ortuño, María Montserrat; Micoulaud Franchi, Jean Arthur; Philip, Pierre; EnfermeríaStudy Objectives To explore the effect of sleep regularity on sleep complaints and mental health conditions (i.e. insomnia, fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms) in a population-based interventional study using a smartphone-based virtual agent. Methods A populational cohort based on the Kanopée application, which provided interactions with a virtual companion to collect data on sleep and make personalized recommendations to improve sleep over 17 days. A pre-intervention sleep diary and interview were used for cross-sectional analysis (n = 2142), and a post-intervention sleep diary and interview were used for longitudinal analysis (n = 732). The intra-individual mean (IIM) and standard deviation (ISD) of total sleep time (TST) were calculated to measure sleep quantity and sleep regularity. Results The mean age at baseline was 49 years, 65% were female, 72% reported insomnia, 58% fatigue, 36% anxiety, and 17% depressive symptoms. Before the intervention, irregular and short sleep was associated with a higher likelihood of insomnia (Relative risk [RR] = 1.26 [1.21–1.30] for irregular TST and RR = 1.19 [1.15–1.23] for short TST), fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. After the intervention, the IIM of the TST increased while the ISD of the TST and sleep complaints and mental health conditions decreased. More regular TST was associated with reduced insomnia and depressive symptoms (RR = 1.33 [1.10–1.52] and RR = 1.55 [1.13–1.98], respectively). Conclusions Our results reveal a longitudinal association between sleep regularity and sleep complaints and mental health conditions. Policymakers, health professionals, and the general population should be aware that, beyond its positive effect on sleep health, regular sleep could promote mental health.
- PublicationRestrictedImpact of a shift work-like lighting schedule on the functioning of the circadian system in the short-lived fish Nothobranchius furzeri(Elsevier, 2018-09-02) Almaida Pagán, Pedro Francisco; Ortega-Sabater, C.; Lucas-Sánchez, A.; Martinez-Nicolas, A.; Espinosa, C.; Madrid, J. A.; Rol, M.; Mendiola, P.; Costa, J. de; Esteban Abad, María de los Ángeles; FisiologíaAdult Nothobranchius furzeri of the MZM-04/10 strain were individually kept and subjected to a “5+2” shifting lighting schedule (SHIFT) for 8 weeks in order to evaluate the desynchronizing effects of a simulated human-like shift-work schedule on the functioning of the circadian system (CS). With this aim, sixteen 21-week-old N. furzeri were placed into a Morning, Night and Evening schedule (lights on from 08:00 to 16:00, 00:00 to 08:00 and 16:00 to 00:00 h, respectively) and fed once a day in the middle of the corresponding photophase (12:00, 04:00 and 20:00 h, respectively). Then, in the weekends (2 days), fish were always returned to the Morning shift. As controls, 16 fish were maintained under a non-shifting LD cycle condition (CONTROL) throughout the whole experiment, with lights on from 08:00 to 16:00 h. Rest-activity rhythm (RAR) of fish subjected to SHIFT showed several symptoms of chronodisruption, such as a decrease in the percentage of diurnal activity and a reduction of the relative amplitude and the circadian function index with time. When a periodogram analysis was performed, RAR of N. furzeri under SHIFT conditions showed up to three separate circadian components: one longer than 24 h (26.5 h) that followed the weekly 8 h delays; a short-period component (~23 h) that was related to the weekend's phase advances, and finally, a 24 h component. The shifting LD schedule also affected fish CS at a molecular level, with several significant differences in the expression of core genes of the molecular clock (bmal1, clock, rorα, rev-erbα) between SHIFT and CONTROL animals. RAR impairment along with changes in clock gene expression could be associated with high stress and accelerated aging in these fish.
- PublicationOpen AccessInfluence of the circadian cycle, sex and production stage on the reference values of parameters related to stress and pathology in porcine saliva(Springer Nature, 2023) Saco, Y.; Peña, R.; Matas-Quintanilla, M.; Ibáñez-López, F. J.; Piñeiro, M.; Sotillo, J.; Bassols, A.; Gutiérrez, A. M.; Medicina y Cirugía AnimalBackground The concentration of biomarkers in saliva could be influenced by several factors not related to the specific condition under analyses, which should be considered for proper clinical interpretation. In the present study, the circadian rhythm of C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), Pig-MAP, S100A12, Cu, Zn, Adenosine deaminase (ADA), total protein (TP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), cortisol and α-amylase in saliva of 20 female and 20 male pigs was investigated. Moreover, the influence of sex and production phase (post-weaning, fattening and finishing) on the concentrations of biomarkers in a total of 414 healthy pigs was studied and the reference intervals for all salivary biomarkers were calculated accordingly. Results All parameters except Pig-MAP, OSI and α-amylase varied significantly along the daytime, and most of them peak around early afternoon (13–15 h). The cosinor analysis described the temporal dynamics of circadian rhythms for all parameters. The range values showed differences between male and female pigs in 8 out of the 13 biomarkers, with higher concentrations in females in comparison to male pigs. The influence of the production phase on the salivary concentrations was observed for all the biomarkers. The highest concentrations were observed for Pig-MAP, S100A12 and α-amylase in post-weaning animals, for TP in growing pigs and for OSI in finishing animals. Most of the sex-influenced biomarkers showed the highest concentrations at growing stages with some exceptions such as ADA or Hp that showed the peak at finishing and post-weaning stages respectively. Conclusions It is necessary to establish the optimal daytime for routine saliva sampling to avoid circadian variations and for that end, the time interval between 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. is highly recommended. The factors sex and production phase influence the concentration of biomarkers and should be considered for proper biomarker interpretation. The reference intervals presented here for each salivary biomarker will help to correctly interpret the results of these analytes and contribute to the use of saliva as a non-invasive sample for the diagnosis and monitoring of the health status of swine farms.
- PublicationOpen AccessTime-of-day and age impact on memory in elevated plus-maze test in rats(Frontiers, 2018-12-06) Morales-Delgado, Nicanor; Caballero Bleda, María; Popovic, Natalija; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Popovic Popovic, Miroljub; Anatomía Humana y PsicobiologíaThe purpose of the present study was to establish the effect of daytime and aging on memory in rats in the Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) test. Young (2-months) and aged (18-months) male Wistar rats were exposed to the EPM test, at the beginning, mid-time or at the end of the light period. On the acquisition trial, the animals were placed individually at the end of one of the open arms of the EPM and the latency to enter in the enclosed arms was registered (cut-off time 60 s). The test was repeated 24 h later on. A longer latency period to reach the enclosed arm indicated poor retention compared to significantly shorter latencies. There were no significant differences between groups on the acquisition trial. In all tested periods, the latency time on the 24 h retention trial was significantly shorter in the young rats compared to the old ones. Furthermore, in the early and mid-time period of the light period, the young rats showed significantly decreased transfer latency (TL) time on the 24 h retention trial in comparison with the acquisition trial. In the aged rats, the TL time on the 24 h retention trial was significantly longer at the end of the light period, in comparison to the two other testing periods. In conclusion, aging significantly affects memory and the more critical period for memory process in both young and old animals, particularly at the end of the light period of the circadian cycle.