Browsing by Subject "Carbamazepine"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Carbamazepine overdose after psychiatric conditions: A case study for Postmortem Analysis in Human Bone
    (2022-06-13) Fernández López, Lucía; Mancini, Rosanna; Rottolo, Maria Concetta; Navarro Zaragoza, Javier; Hernández del Rincón, Juan Pedro; Falcón Romero, María; Farmacología
    Carbamazepine is the main option used as a preventive medication to treat bipolar disorder when there is no response to lithium. Carbamazepine toxicity is defined as serum levels greater than 12 μg/mL, with severe toxicity occurring over 40 μg/mL, reduced to 30 μg/mL when combined with pharmacological treatment, i.e., benzodiazepines or antidepressants. For these reasons, it is necessary to find a validated tool to determine carbamazepine levels in an autopsy to rule out suicide or to know if the death was a consequence of an adverse drug reaction (ADR), especially when only bones can be accessed. We have validated a tool to detect and quantify drug concentration in bone. Our results showed a peak for carbamazepine at minute 12 and a mass fragment of 193 m/z. This case study is the first time in the literature that carbamazepine has been detected and quantified in bone. These results demonstrate that carbamazepine can be detected in bone tissue from forensic cases, but almost more importantly, that the method proposed is valid, reliable, and trustworthy.
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    Photocatalytic oxidation of carbamazepine in water using TiO2 with LED lamps: Study of intermediate degradation products by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry after dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
    (Elsevier, 2024-07-01) Martínez Escudero, Carmen Maria; Garrido, Isabel; Contreras, Fulgencio; Hellín Pilar; Flores Pilar; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Fenoll, José; León Morán, Lixy Olinda; Química Analítica
    An evaluation of carbamazepine (CBZ) photolysis degradation in water under different experimental conditions is here presented for wastewater detoxification. For this, an analytical methodology based on a green sample treatment procedure and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using both quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) and triple quadrupole (QqQ) analyzers has been proposed. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) provides high preconcentration efficiency for the pharmaceutical emerging contaminant, allowing its monitorization and that of its transformation products (TPs) with high sensitivity. Subsequently, the established analytical method has been applied to study of behaviour of CBZ and its TPs generated in water during photolysis treatments in the presence and the absence of the catalyst TiO2 Degussa P25 and irradiating with ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) light emitting diode (LED) lamps as light source. Nineteen TPs were tentatively identified. A significantly higher degradation rate of CBZ and its TPs was observed with the use of UV-LED lamps during the heterogeneous photocatalysis based treatment.
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    Prediction of Flux and Rejection Coefficients in the Removal of Emerging Pollutants Using a Nanofiltration Membrane
    (2023-11-01) Hidalgo, A.M.; Gómez, M.; Murcia, M.D.; Gómez, E.; León, G.; Alfaro, I.; Ingeniería Química
    The removal of three emerging pollutants: carbamazepine, ketoprofen, and bisphenol A, has been studied using the nanofiltration flat sheet membrane NF99HF. The removal efficiencies of the membrane have been evaluated by two system characteristic parameters: permeate flux and rejection coefficient. The influence of two operating variables has been analysed: operating pressure and feed concentration. Before and after the tests with emerging pollutants, the membrane has been characterized by determining its water permeability coefficient and its magnesium chloride rejection coefficient to find out if the removal of emerging pollutants causes membrane fouling. The results show that operating pressure has significant separation effects, obtaining the highest efficiencies at a pressure of 20 bar for pollutant concentrations between 5 and 25 mg/L. Moreover, rejection of ketoprofen was found to be dependent on electrostatic repulsion, while rejection of bisphenol A was significantly affected by adsorption onto the membrane. Finally, the experimental data have been fitted to the solution diffusion model and to the simplified model of Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky to predict the behaviour of the nanofiltration membrane in the removal of the tested pollutants. Good agreement between the experimental and predicted carbamazepine and bisphenol A data has been obtained with each model, respectively.