Browsing by Subject "Cannibalism"
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- PublicationOpen AccessAutofagia y canibalismo como mecanismos subversivos en dos cuentos de Silvina Ocampo y Virgilio Piñera(2019-01-18) Izaguirre Fernández, BelénContemporáneos y narrado- res hispanoamericanos, Virgilio Piñera y Silvina Ocampo compartieron no solo nexos culturales, influencias artísticas y gustos literarios, sino también argumen- tos, rasgos técnicos y formales. Esto es lo que demuestra el presente artículo, los vínculos entre ellos a través de los cuentos “La carne” de Virgilio Piñera y “Malva” de Ocampo. Ambos ensayan aquí con el tema del canibalismo y la autofagia de forma similar y con igual fin: la utilización del cuerpo humano como mecanismo subversivo, como forma de ruptura con las imposiciones y restricciones del gobierno de Fulgencio Baptista en el caso del primero, y contra el dominio patriarcal y las exigencias sobre el género y el cuerpo femenino en el cuento de la argentina.
- PublicationRestrictedCarnivore carcasses are avoided by carnivores(Wiley, British Ecological Society , 2017-06-13) Moleón, Marcos; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Muellerklein, Oliver C.; Getz, Wayne M.; Muñoz-Lozano, Carlos; Sánchez-Zapata, José A.; Sanidad Animal; Facultad de VeterinariaEcologists have traditionally focused on herbivore carcasses as study models in scavenging research. However, some observations of scavengers avoiding feeding on carnivore carrion suggest that different types of carrion may lead to differential pressures. Untested assumptions about carrion produced at different trophic levels could therefore lead ecologists to overlook important evolutionary processes and their ecological consequences. Our general goal was to investigate the use of mammalian carnivore carrion by vertebrate scavengers. In particular, we aimed to test the hypothesis that carnivore carcasses are avoided by other carnivores, especially at the intraspecific level, most likely to reduce exposure to parasitism. We take a three-pronged approach to study this principle by: (i) providing data from field experiments, (ii) carrying out evolutionary simulations of carnivore scavenging strategies under risks of parasitic infection, and (iii) conducting a literature-review to test two predictions regarding parasite life-history strategies. First, our field experiments showed that the mean number of species observed feeding at carcasses and the percentage of consumed carrion biomass were substantially higher at herbivore carcasses than at carnivore carcasses. This occurred even though the number of scavenger species visiting carcasses and the time needed by scavengers to detect carcasses were similar between both types of carcasses. In addition, we did not observe cannibalism. Second, our evolutionary simulations demonstrated that a risk of parasite transmission leads to the evolution of scavengers with generally low cannibalistic tendencies, and that the emergence of cannibalism-avoidance behaviour depends strongly on assumptions about parasitebased mortality rates. Third, our literature review indicated that parasite species potentially able to follow a carnivore–carnivore indirect cycle, as well as those transmitted via meat consumption, are rare in our study system. Our findings support the existence of a novel coevolutionary relation between carnivores and their parasites, and suggest that carnivore and herbivore carcasses play very different roles in food webs and ecosystems.
- PublicationOpen AccessEl fenómeno del canibalismo en las fuentes literarias grecorromanas: su mención en la historiografía(2019-04-12) Sanz, Domingo F.En este artículo, continuación de otro anterior, se pretende analizar y comentar un importante número de menciones al fenómeno del canibalismo existentes en la tradición literaria grecolatina. En este caso me centraré principalmente en las fuentes historiográficas y se podrá comprobar cómo sirven para ilustrar los modernos estudios sobre dicho fenómeno.
- PublicationOpen AccessGlycosaminoglycan-sac formation in vitro. Interactions between normal and malignant cells(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Logothetou-Rella, H.The interaction of monolayer normal human or normal rat cells with suspension Walker rat tumor cells was demonstrated cytologically, during a cocultivation period of thirty days. At ten days, Walker rat tumor cells were interiorized in the cytoplasm of the normal monolayer host cells. At twenty days, degeneration of the interiorized tumor cells followed by mucification led to glycosaminoglycan-sac formation. At thirty days, tumor nodules and protease (a,- chymotrypsin)- bound glycosaminoglycan(s) extracellular matrix, transversing the culture in membranous rivulets, were formed. The overall interaction resulted in the death of the interiorized tumour cell and survival of the normal host cells containing a glycosaminoglycansac. The use of bladder tumor cell imprints showed that cell interiorization, degeneration and extracellular matrix formation identical to that of the CO-cultures, also occur in vivo. Cell interiorization within malignant cell cultures led to syncytia formation and survival of both host and interiorized cells. Identical glycosaminoglycan extracellular matrix to that of the CO-cultures and syncytia was also observed in smears of EBV-producing (P3HR-l) cell cultures. The observations are discussed in terms of invasion, emperipolesis, cannibalism, phagocytosis and extracellular matrix. It is concluded that a glycosaminoglycan-sac is produced by the interiorization of a tumor cell into a normal cell while interiorization of a tumor cell into another tumor cell resulted in syncytia formation.
- PublicationOpen AccessSmart carnivores think twice: red fox delays scavenging on conspecific carcasses to reduce parasite risk(Elsevier, 2021-09-25) Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Sánchez Zapata, José Antonio; Moleón Paiz, Marcos; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Sanidad Animal; Facultad de VeterinariaThe recent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has highlighted the need to prevent emerging and re-emerging diseases, which means that we must approach the study of diseases from a One Health perspective. The study of pathogen transmission in wildlife is challenging, but it is unquestionably key to understand how epidemiological interactions occur at the wildlife-domestic-human interface. In this context, studying parasite avoidance behaviours may provide essential insights on parasite transmission, host-parasite coevolution, and energy flow through food-webs. However, the strategies of avoiding trophically transmitted parasites in mammalian carnivores have received little scientific attention. Here, we explore the behaviour of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and other mammalian carnivores at conspecific and heterospecific carnivore carcasses using videos recorded by camera traps. We aim to determine 1) the factors influencing the probability of foxes to practice cannibalism, and 2) whether the scavenging behaviour of foxes differ when facing conspecific vs. heterospecific carcasses. We found that red foxes were generally reluctant to consume mesocarnivore carrion, especially of conspecifics. When recorded, consumption by foxes was delayed several days (heterospecific carcasses) or weeks (conspecific carcasses) after carcass detection. Other mammalian scavengers showed a similar pattern. Also, meat-borne parasite transmission from wild carnivore carcasses to domestic dogs and cats was highly unlikely. Our findings challenge the widespread assumption that cannibalistic or intra-specific scavenging is a major transmission route for Trichinella spp. and other meat-borne parasites, especially for the red fox. Overall, our results suggest that the feeding decisions of scavengers are probably shaped by two main contrasting forces, namely the nutritional reward provided by carrion of phylogenetically similar species and the risk of acquiring meat-borne parasites shared with these species. This study illustrates how the detailed monitoring of carnivore behaviour is essential to assess the epidemiological role of these hosts in the maintenance and dispersion of parasites of public and animal health relevance.
- PublicationOpen Access«We don’t eat people»: la nueva ética del sistema caníbal propuesta por la narrativa audiovisual postapocalíptica del siglo XXI(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Rodríguez de Austria Giménez de Aragón, Alfonso M.El género de películas de catástrofes está estrechamente relacionado con los tiempos de crisis económica y social. Fue a partir de la «crisis del petróleo» de comienzos de los años setenta cuando el género se consolidó. Estas películas tenían la función de servir de catarsis y mostrar a la población lo afortunada que era de no sufrir una desgracia peor que la crisis. La crisis global que emergió en el año 2005 ha traído consigo una nueva acumulación de películas centradas en la vida tras el apocalipsis. La función de estas películas no es servir de catarsis, sino proponernos el abandono de nuestros viejos esquemas morales en beneficio de una moral de supervivencia más acorde con la crisis global y perpetua que padeceremos.