Browsing by Subject "Arterial hypertension"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Allopurinol attenuates L-NAME induced cardiomyopathy comparable to blockade of angiotensin receptor
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Kasal, Daniel Arthur B.; Fritsch Neves, Mario; Oigman, Wille; Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Carlos A.
    It is widely recognized that L-NAME exposed rats develop myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of xanthine oxidase (XO) to these phenomena using allopurinol, isolated or associated with olmesartan. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6) and studied for 5 weeks: L group (LNAME, 40mg/kg/day); L+A group (L-NAME and allopurinol, 40 mg/kg/day); L+O group (L-NAME and olmesartan, 15mg/kg/day); L+A+O group (L-NAME, allopurinol, and olmesartan); and control group. LNAME caused arterial hypertension and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Hypertension was prevented by olmesartan, but not by allopurinol. There was an increase of left ventricular mass index in the L-NAME group that was prevented by allopurinol, olmesartan and by the combination of both. The increase in mean cardiomyocyte transversal area caused by L-NAME was prevented by the allopurinol and olmesartan combination, or by olmesartan used as monotherapy, but not by allopurinol alone. There was a reduction in the myocardial vascularization index caused by L-NAME which was abolished by allopurinol or by olmesartan, but not by the association. L-NAME caused a reduction in the total number of cardiomyocyte nuclei. This was prevented by olmesartan alone or associated with allopurinol, but not by allopurinol alone. We conclude that XO has an important contribution to adverse cardiac remodeling in L-NAME exposed animals. Moreover, allopurinol acts without interfering with L-NAME induced hypertension. The protective action of this drug is comparable to the results obtained with olmesartan. Antioxidative mechanisms are proposed to account for the pressure independent effects of allopurinol.
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    Aminopeptidases in Cardiovascular and Renal Function. Role as Predictive Renal Injury Biomarkers
    (MDPI, 2020-08-05) Vargas, Félix; Wangesteen, Rosemary; Rodríguez-Gómez, Isabel; García-Estañ, Joaquín; Fisiología
    Aminopeptidases (APs) are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze peptides and polypeptides by scission of the N-terminus amino acid and that also participate in the intracellular final digestion of proteins. APs play an important role in protein maturation, signal transduction, and cell-cycle control, among other processes. These enzymes are especially relevant in the control of cardiovascular and renal functions. APs participate in the regulation of the systemic and local renin–angiotensin system and also modulate the activity of neuropeptides, kinins, immunomodulatory peptides, and cytokines, even contributing to cholesterol uptake and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the role of four key APs, aspartyl-, alanyl-, glutamyl-, and leucyl-cystinyl-aminopeptidases, in the control of blood pressure (BP) and renal function and on their association with different cardiovascular and renal diseases. In this context, the effects of AP inhibitors are analyzed as therapeutic tools for BP control and renal diseases. Their role as urinary biomarkers of renal injury is also explored. The enzymatic activities of urinary APs, which act as hydrolyzing peptides on the luminal surface of the renal tubule, have emerged as early predictive renal injury biomarkers in both acute and chronic renal nephropathies, including those induced by nephrotoxic agents, obesity, hypertension, or diabetes. Hence, the analysis of urinary AP appears to be a promising diagnostic and prognostic approach to renal disease in both research and clinical settings.
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    Effect of Pharmaceutical Intervention in Pharmacologically Treated Hypertensive Patients-A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial: AFPRES-CLM Study.
    (2023-10-11) Luque Del Moral, Raúl; Gastelurrutia, Miguel A; Martinez-Martinez, Fernando; Jacomé, Julio A; Dago, Ana; Suarez, Blanca; Fikri-Benbrahim, Narjis; Martí, Mercé; Núñez Parra, Cristina; Sierra Alarcón, Sandra; Fernández Gómez, Francisco José; Farmacología
    Background: Evaluate the effect of a community pharmaceutical intervention on the control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients treated pharmacologically. Methods: A cluster-randomized clinical trial of 6 months was carried out. It was conducted in the Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Sixty-three community pharmacies and 347 patients completed the study. Intervention patients received the community pharmaceutical intervention based on a protocol that addresses the individual needs of each patient related to the control of their blood pressure, which included Health Education, Pharmacotherapy Follow-up and 24 h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement. Control patients received usual care in the community pharmacy. Results: The pharmaceutical intervention resulted in better control of blood pressure (85.8% vs. 66.3% p < 0.001), lower use of emergencies (p = 0.002) and improvement trends in the physical components of quality of life, measured by SF-36 questionnaire, after 6 months of pharmaceutical intervention. No significant changes were observed for any of these variables in the control group. There were also detected 354 negative medication-related outcomes that were satisfactorily resolved in a 74.9% of the cases and 330 healthcare education interventions and 29 Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitorings were performed in order to increase adherence to pharmacological treatment and minimize Negative Outcomes associated with Medication and prevent medication-related problems. Conclusions: Community pharmaceutical intervention can increase hypertensive patients with controlled blood pressure, after 6 months, compared with usual care.
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    Evaluación de los efectos de extractos de hojas de morera Morus alba L. sobre la función cardiovascular, renal y plaquetaria en la hipertensión arterial experimental
    (Universidad de Murcia, 2024-11-12) Akbariaghdam, Masoud; Marín Atucha, Noemí; Pagán Bernabéu, Ana; García-Estañ López, Joaquín; Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
    Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS 2023), las enfermedades del sistema cardiovascular son una de las principales causas de muerte en los países occidentales. De ellas, la hipertensión arterial (HTA) es un factor de riesgo muy importante para la enfermedad cardiovascular y una preocupación para la salud pública. Desde hace décadas se han logrado importantes descubrimientos tanto en la fisiopatología como en el tratamiento de la hipertensión mediante una panoplia de fármacos entre los que se encuentran los que afectan al sistema renina-angiotensina (SRAA), los diuréticos, antagonistas alfa-adrenérgicos y bloqueantes de los canales de calcio, entre otros (Hall 2024). desde hace años, muchos estudios epidemiológicos han observado que el uso de alimentos ricos en polifenoles y flavonoides en la dieta tiene efectos beneficiosos en algunas enfermedades crónicas como la HTA (García-Estañ 2019). En general, a más ingestión de flavonoides menos propensión de padecer daños cardiovasculares (Atucha 2022; Vargas 2018). Estudios recientes de nuestro laboratorio (Paredes 2018a y 2018b) han demostrado que algunos flavonoides tienen un efecto beneficioso como agentes antihipertensivos en varios modelos animales de HTA. En esta tesis nos propusimos evaluar el efecto de los extractos de morera Morus alba L. en un modelo de HTA experimental por déficit de óxido nítrico. Métodos: Se han utilizado ratas macho Sprague-Dawley, divididas en grupos control, hipertensas a las que se les trató con un tratamiento de seis semanas de duración de un inhibidor de la síntesis de NO (L-NAME) en el agua de bebida, hipertensas tratadas con un extracto de Morus alba L e hipertensas tratadas simultáneamente con captopril. Después de seis semanas de tratamiento, se midió presión arterial y función renal, además de la función vascular endotelial en aorta y la función de agregación plaquetaria. Resultados: Los experimentos han mostrado que el extracto de Morus alba L es seguro para su uso en animales. Previene el desarrollo de la hipertensión arterial por déficit de óxido nítrico, aunque sin normalizarla completamente. Igualmente reduce la excesiva respuesta vasoconstrictora a fenilefrina en anillos aórticos y mejora la vasodilatación a acetilcolina, ambos efectos dependientes del aumento de la producción de óxido nítrico. Además, el extracto de Morus alba L redujo la mayor agregación plaquetaria a ADP y colágeno de los animales hipertensos, aunque sin llegar a normalizarla. Igualmente, el extracto mejoró las alteraciones morfológicas renales de los animales hipertensos. Conclusiones: El extracto de Morus alba L tiene efecto antihipertensor, mejora la reactividad vascular, la agregación plaquetaria y las alteraciones morfológicas renales en un modelo de hipertensión arterial por déficit de óxido nítrico. Estos efectos están relacionados con un aumento de los efectos del óxido nítrico.
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    Evaluation of the effects of mulberry leaf extracts Morus alba L. on cardiovascular, renal, and platelet function in experimental arterial hypertension
    (MDPI, 2024-12-27) Aghdam, Masoud Akbari; Pagán, Ana; García-Estañ López, Joaquín; Marín Atucha, Noemí; Fisiología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Medicina
    Introduction: Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consuming foods rich in polyphenols and flavonoids can have beneficial effects on various diseases, including arterial hypertension (HTN). Recent research from our laboratory has shown that certain flavonoids exhibit antihypertensive properties in several animal models of HTN. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of Morus alba L. (white mulberry) extracts in an experimental HTN model characterized by nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a control group, hypertensive rats treated with an NO synthesis inhibitor (L-NAME) in drinking water for six weeks, L-NAME rats treated with Morus alba L. extract, and L-NAME rats treated simultaneously with captopril. After six weeks of treatment, we measured blood pressure, endothelial vascular function in the aorta, and platelet aggregation function. Results: Morus alba L. extract partially prevented the development of arterial hypertension due to NO deficiency, although it did not completely normalize blood pressure as captopril did. The extract reduced the excessive vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine in aortic rings and improved vasodilation in response to acetylcholine, with both effects dependent on increased NO production. Morus alba L. extract also reduced the increased platelet aggregation in response to ADP and collagen in hypertensive animals, although it did not fully normalize this function. Conclusions: Morus alba L. extract demonstrates antihypertensive effects, improves vascular reactivity, and reduces platelet aggregation in a model of arterial hypertension. These effects are primarily related to an increase in nitric oxide activity.
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    Flavonoids in Kidney Health and Disease
    (Frontiers, 2018-04-24) Vargas, Félix; Romecín, Paola; Wangesteen, Rosemary; Atucha, Noemí M.; García-Estañ, Joaquín; García-Guillén, Ana I.; Vargas-Tendero, Pablo; Paredes, M. Dolores; Fisiología
    This review summarizes the latest advances in knowledge on the effects of flavonoids on renal function in health and disease. Flavonoids have antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antiinflammatory effects, among other therapeutic activities. Many of them also exert renoprotective actions that may be of interest in diseases such as glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and chemically-induced kidney insufficiency. They affect several renal factors that promote diuresis and natriuresis, which may contribute to their well-known antihypertensive effect. Flavonoids prevent or attenuate the renal injury associated with arterial hypertension, both by decreasing blood pressure and by acting directly on the renal parenchyma. These outcomes derive from their interference with multiple signaling pathways known to produce renal injury and are independent of their blood pressure-lowering effects. Oral administration of flavonoids prevents or ameliorates adverse effects on the kidney of elevated fructose consumption, high fat diet, and types I and 2 diabetes. These compounds attenuate the hyperglycemia-disrupted renal endothelial barrier function, urinary microalbumin excretion, and glomerular hyperfiltration that results from a reduction of podocyte injury, a determinant factor for albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Several flavonoids have shown renal protective effects against many nephrotoxic agents that frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as LPS, gentamycin, alcohol, nicotine, lead or cadmium. Flavonoids also improve cisplatin- or methotrexate-induced renal damage, demonstrating important actions in chemotherapy, anticancer and renoprotective effects. A beneficial prophylactic effect of flavonoids has been also observed against AKI induced by surgical procedures such as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or cardiopulmonary bypass. In several murine models of CKD, impaired kidney function was significantly improved by the administration of flavonoids from different sources, alone or in combination with stem cells. In humans, cocoa flavanols were found to have vasculoprotective effects in patients on hemodialysis. Moreover, flavonoids develop antitumor activity against renal carcinoma cells with no toxic effects on normal cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in patients with renal carcinoma.
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    Itinerarios terapéuticos de mujeres migrantes con hipertensión arterial: miradas desde el proceso salud-enfermedad-atención
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2023) Sotelo Daza, Jorge; Ramos Valencia, Omar Andrés
    Introducción: La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es un factor de riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel global y la principal causa de muerte prematura, afecta en buena parte a mujeres. El propósito del estudio fue comprender cómo las mujeres migrantes (MM) con HTA configuran sus itinerarios terapéuticos (IT) en la búsqueda de atención sanitaria en Colombia, desde el proceso salud-enfermedad-atención. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque de teoría fundamentada. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas y 2 grupos focales a MM con HTA en Popayán Colombia. Se realizó muestreo teórico intencionado hasta alcanzar la saturación teórica y la abstracción de categorías emergentes a través de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultados: La codificación abiertageneró 1.135 códigos. La categoría principal emergente fue que los IT en la atención de la HTA están determinados por dinámicas sociales, culturales, políticas y económicas. Como subcategorías relacionadas emergieron: riesgos de enfermar por HTA configuran IT; surge heterogeneidad de recursos terapéuticos formales e informales para atender la enfermedad; existen determinantes de acceso al sistema sanitario; y movilización de diversas prácticas para el seguimiento y control del padecimiento. Conclusión: Las mujeres en situación de migración con HTA configuran IT para lograr la atención en salud no solo desde el sistema sanitario estatal, sino a partir de diversos elementos del orden social, cultural, político y económico. En esta medida, la HTA supera nominaciones mórbidas exclusivas de la biomedicina y de la relación médico-paciente, para abocarse y trascender hacia un padecimiento que exige resolver contingencias del contexto