Browsing by Subject "Anise"

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    Antioxidant evaluation in dessert spices compared with common food additives. Influence of irradiation procedure
    (American Chemical Society, 2004-03-13) Murcia Tomás, María Antonia; Egea, Isabel; Romojaro, Felix; Parras, Pilar; Jimenez Monreal, Antonia María; Martínez-Tomé, Magdalena; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
    The antioxidant properties of seven dessert spices (anise, cinnamon, ginger, licorice, mint, nutmeg, and vanilla) were compared with those of the common food antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (E-320), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (E-321), and propyl gallate (E-310). The influence of irradiation process on antioxidant activity was also evaluated. Mint and cinnamon exhibited a higher percentage of inhibition of oxidation than the other spices analyzed and the food antioxidants, as tested by the lipid peroxidation assay (LOO¥). Nutmeg, anise, and licorice showed the strongest protection in the deoxyribose assay (OH¥). Vanilla exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the peroxidase-based assay (H2O2). Nutmeg, propyl gallate, ginger, and licorice improved the stability of oils (sunflower, corn, and olive) and fats (butter and margarine) against oxidation (110 °C Rancimat). Cinnamon was a better superoxide radical scavenger than the other analyzed spices and additives. When the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay was used to provide a ranking order of antioxidant activity, the result in decreasing order of antioxidant capacity was cinnamon = propyl gallate > mint > anise > BHA > licorice = vanilla > ginger > nutmeg > BHT. Irradiated samples did not show significant differences (p < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity with respect to the non-irradiated samples (1, 3, 5, and 10 kGy) in the assays used.
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    Plant bioactive volatile products and their efficiency in aphid control
    (Elsevier, 2022-04-27) Víllora Cano, Gloria; Pascual-Villalobos, M. J.; Díaz, Isabel; Martín, F.; Cantó-Tejero, M.; Guirao, P.; Ingeniería Química
    The “farm-to-fork strategy” of the European Union aims to reduce dependency on pesticides and towards increased use of low-risk products, such as those based on botanical extracts. A product based on the mixture of the five natural compounds selected for their repellent or insecticidal properties, namely citral, (E)-anethole, farnesol, cis-jasmone and lemon essential oil, was evaluated against Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Three formulations were prepared using various surfactants at different ratios: the first one with Tween80, the second one with soy (Glycine max (l.) Merr.) lecithin and the third one with soy lecithin and sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus L.). The oil-in-water nanoemulsions at 1% were tested in a laboratory study with Petri dishes using a computer-controlled spraying apparatus (equivalent application of 200 l/ha). The mean efficacy was 45%, 71% and 63%, respectively, with a least statistically significant difference (LSD) at 5% comparing the first two formulations. A field experiment (in two pepper, Capsicum anuum L., greenhouses) at Torreblanca Exp. Stat. in Murcia (Spain) followed in April 2020 in which a reduction in aphid populations only occurred by spraying the product formulated with soy lecithin. Phytotoxicity was also observed but was lower in the formulation that contained sunflower oil. Nanoemulsions were characterised using a Zetasizer, and a polydispersion of 2–3 populations of particles, ranging from 15 to 341 nm in size, was found with the Tween80 formulation and bigger sizes (250–438 nm) with the soy lecithin and sunflower oil formulation, which were more stable (Z potential = 􀀀 28.15 mV). The application of ultrasounds reduces the Z-average to 100 nm in the mixture product with stability for at least 14 days. Another field experiment was repeated in February and April 2021. The plants were sprayed sequentially with the following: a) mixture product at 0.5% formulated with soy lecithin and sunflower oil, b) 3% cottonseed (Gopsyppium hirsutum L.) oil in 3% soap water (Feb.) or 1.5% cottonseed oil in 1.5% soap water (Apr.) and c) cis-jasmone at 0.25% formulated with Tween80. The treatment with the mixture of bioactive volatiles (a) was not more effective than that of the fixed seed oil (b). In February, the instantaneous population growth rate (ri) of aphid populations showed a significant reduction when the plants were sprayed with cottonseed oil. Further research is recommended for the formulation and application methods of the products being developed.